Nevada Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Reference Case Projections

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FINAL Nevada GHG Inventory and Reference Case Projection CCS, July 2007 slaking (combining with water), which produces hydrated lime. The consumption of lime for certain uses, specifically the production of precipitated CaCO 3 and refined sugar, results in the reabsorption of some airborne CO 2 (see footnote 1 for reference to EIIP guidance document). Emissions are estimated by multiplying the amount of high-calcium and dolomitic lime produced by emission factors for each product. Figure D2. GHG Emissions from Industrial Processes, 1990-2020, by Source 3.0 2.5 2.0 MMtCO2e 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Year Cement Manufacture (CO2) Limestone & Dolomite Use (CO2) ODS Substitutes (HFCs, SF6) Nitric Acid Production (N2O) Lime Manufacture (CO2) Soda Ash Use (CO2) Electricity Dist. (SF6) The NDEP provided high-calcium lime production data for Graymont Western for 1994 through 2005; information was not available for 1990 through 2003. Clark County DAQEM provided annual high-calcium and dolomitic lime production data for Chemical Lime Company for 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2003. The Clark County DAQEM noted that the historical production capacity for this plant has not changed significantly. Based on this information, the average annual production rate (based on the four years of production data provided by the Clark County DAQEM) was used as a surrogate to estimate production for 1994 through 1998 and for 2002, 2004, and 2005. 51 51 Given the uncertainty associated with using an average annual production rate as a surrogate for production for years for which data were not available, and that production data for 1990 through 2003 were not available for Graymont Western, the average production rates for Chemical Lime Company were not used as a surrogate to estimate production for 1990 through 2003. Nevada Division of 48 Center for Climate Strategies Environmental Protection www.climatestrategies.us
FINAL Nevada GHG Inventory and Reference Case Projection CCS, July 2007 The high-calcium lime production for both plants was summed and entered into the SGIT, as well as the dolomitic lime production data for the one plant, to calculate GHG emissions associated with lime production (see dark blue line in Figure D2). The growth rate for Nevada’s nonmetallic minerals sector (an annual average of 3.7%) was used to project emissions to 2020. The NDEP and Clark County DAQEM confirmed that the lime produced by the two plants in Nevada do not use processes (e.g., sugar refining) that reabsorb CO 2 during the manufacturing process. Limestone and Dolomite Consumption Limestone and dolomite are basic raw materials used by a wide variety of industries, including the construction, agriculture, chemical, glass manufacturing, and environmental pollution control industries, as well as in metallurgical industries such as magnesium production. 52 Recent historical data for Nevada were not available from the USGS or NDEP; consequently, the default data provided in SGIT were used to calculate emissions for Nevada (see orange line in Figure D2). The growth rate for Nevada’s nonmetallic minerals sector (i.e., 3.7% annual) was used to project emissions to 2020. Relative to total industrial non-combustion process emissions, emissions associated with limestone and dolomite consumption are low (about 0.037 MMtCO 2 e in 1995 and 0.059 MMtCO 2 e in 2020), and therefore, appear at the bottom of the graph in Figure D2 due to scaling effects. Soda Ash Consumption Commercial soda ash (sodium carbonate) is used in many consumer products such as glass, soap and detergents, paper, textiles, and food. CO 2 is also released when soda ash is consumed (see footnote 1 for reference to EIIP guidance document). Recent historical data for Nevada were not available from the USGS or NDEP; consequently, the default data provided in SGIT were used to calculate emissions for Nevada (see dark pink line in Figure D2). SGIT estimates historical emissions based on the state’s population and national per capita emissions from the US EPA national GHG inventory. According to the USGS, this industry is expected to grow at an annual rate of 0.5% from 2004 through 2009 for the U.S as a whole. Information on growth trends for the soda ash industry for years later than 2009 was not available; therefore, the same 0.5% annual growth rate was applied for estimating emissions to 2020. Relative to total industrial noncombustion process emissions, emissions associated with soda ash consumption are low (about 0.013 MMtCO 2 e in 1990 and 0.022 MMtCO 2 e in 2020), and therefore, cannot be seen in the graph due to scaling effects in Figure D2. Nitric Acid Production The manufacture of nitric acid (HNO 3 ) produces nitrous oxide (N 2 O) as a by-product, via the oxidation of ammonia. Nitric acid is a raw material used primarily to make synthetic commercial fertilizer. It is also a major component in the production of adipic acid (a feedstock for nylon) and explosives. Relatively small quantities of nitric acid are also employed for stainless steel 52 In accordance with EIIP Chapter 6 methods, emissions associated with the following uses of limestone and dolomite are not included in this category: (1) crushed limestone consumed for road construction or similar uses (because these uses do not result in CO 2 emissions), (2) limestone used for agricultural purposes (which is counted under the methods for the agricultural sector), and (3) limestone used in cement production (which is counted in the methods for cement production). Nevada Division of 49 Center for Climate Strategies Environmental Protection www.climatestrategies.us
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Nevada Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Reference Case Projections

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