Nevada Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Reference Case Projections

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FINAL Nevada GHG Inventory and Reference Case Projection CCS, July 2007 To obtain the annual disposal needed by SGIT for each landfill, the waste-in-place was divided by the number of years of operation. This average annual disposal rate for each landfill was assumed for all years that the landfill was operating. In cases where the estimated annual disposal rate was much lower than the 2005 disposal rate provided by NDEP, the estimated disposal rates in recent years were adjusted to reflect the higher emplacement rates. CCS performed three different runs of SGIT to estimate emissions from MSW landfills: (1) uncontrolled landfills; (2) landfills with a landfill gas collection system and LFGTE plant (Apex); and (3) landfills with a landfill gas collection system and flare (Sunrise). Lockwood was modeled with the other uncontrolled sites (future year emissions were adjusted by assuming a flare is installed in 2010). SGIT produced annual estimates through 2005 for each of these landfill categories. CCS then performed some post-processing of the landfill emissions to account for landfill gas controls (at LFGTE and flared sites) and to project the emissions through 2020. For the controlled landfills, CCS assumed that the overall methane collection and control efficiency is 75%. 93 Of the methane not captured by a landfill gas collection system, it is further assumed that 10% is oxidized before being emitted to the atmosphere (consistent with the SGIT default). For the uncontrolled LFs and LFGTE LFs, growth rates were estimated by using the waste emplacement rates (1990-2005) in each category. For uncontrolled LFs, the annual growth rate is 2.9% and for LFGTE LFs it is 5.6%. 94 These growth rates are consistent with the State’s rapid population growth from 1990-2005 (4.9%/yr), although waste imports also add to the growth in waste emplacement. The only flared LF is the closed Sunrise LF. The growth rate (-3.4%/yr) of emissions from this landfill was calculated based on the SGIT-estimated landfill gas generation rate from 1993-2005 (flaring is assumed to occur beginning in 2007). CCS adjusted the SGIT default for industrial landfills. The SGIT default is based on national data indicating that industrial landfills generate methane at approximately 7% of the rate of MSW landfills. In NV, there is a significant amount of industrial and special wastes emplaced in the State’s landfills. Based on summary data from NDEP, the amount of industrial waste in 2005 was nearly the same as MSW. Given that a large fraction of industrial/special wastes is likely to be non-degradable, CCS assumed that landfill gas generation from industrial waste landfilling was 50% of the rate of MSW generation. A large fraction of this waste is emplaced at Apex and Lockwood; however, it is not clear whether this waste would be controlled along with the MSW at Apex (and at Lockwood in the future). Therefore, no controls were assumed for industrial waste landfilling. For industrial landfills, the overall growth rate in MSW emissions from 1990 to 2005 (4.5%/yr) was used to project emissions to 2010 and 2020. LF, Battle Mountain LF, Crestline Class II LF, Mesquite Municipal Waste LF, Western Elite LF, Hawthorne LF, NTS - Area 23 LF, Tonopah LF, Pershing County LF. 93 As per EPA’s AP-42 Section on Municipal Solid Waste Landfills: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch02/final/c02s04.pdf. 94 The only LFGTE site is Apex, and the growth rate reflects a doubling of the emplacement rate between 1993 and 2005. Nevada Division of 64 Center for Climate Strategies Environmental Protection www.climatestrategies.us
FINAL Nevada GHG Inventory and Reference Case Projection CCS, July 2007 Solid Waste Combustion NDEP indicates that there has been no solid waste combustion activity in the State from 1990 to present. 95 Wastewater Management GHG emissions from municipal wastewater treatment were also estimated. Emissions are calculated in EPA’s SGIT based on state population, assumed biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and protein consumption per capita, and emission factors for N 2 O and CH 4 . The key SGIT default values are shown in Table G1 below. For industrial wastewater emissions, SGIT provides default assumptions and emission factors for three industrial sectors: Fruits & Vegetables, Red Meat & Poultry, and Pulp & Paper. Based on discussions with NDEP, there are no pulp and paper operations in the State. No data were identified on the operation of fruit & vegetable or meat & poultry plants were identified. According the Dunn & Bradstreet, there were no significant operations in any of the above industrial categories in 2002. 96 Therefore, emissions from the industrial wastewater treatment sector are considered to be negligible. Table G1. SGIT Key Default Values for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Variable Value BOD 0.065 kg /day-person Amount of BOD anaerobically treated 16.25% CH 4 emission factor 0.6 kg/kg BOD Nevada residents not on septic 75% Water treatment N 2 O emission factor 4.0 g N 2 O/person-yr Biosolids emission Factor 0.01 kg N 2 O-N/kg sewage-N Figure G1 shows the emission estimates for the waste management sector. Overall, the sector accounts for 1.5 MMtCO 2 e in 2005. By 2020, emissions are expected to grow to 2.2 MMtCO 2 e/yr. In 2005, about 36% of the emissions were contributed by the uncontrolled landfills sector with this contribution maintained through 2020. For the LFGTE sector, the emissions contribution is 19% in 2005 growing to 27% in 2020 (the only LFGTE site is assumed to be Apex). There is only one site in Nevada assumed for the flared LF sector (Sunrise). The contributions from this site decrease from 0.2 MMtCO 2 e in 2005 (pre-control) to 0.02 in 2020. Emissions from municipal wastewater treatment were estimated to be 0.28 MMtCO 2 e in 2005 or about 15% of the waste management sector total. Industrial wastewater treatment was estimated to contribute less than 0.1 MMtCO 2 e/yr which is less than 4% of the sector total. 95 Jennifer Carr and Jean-Paul Huys, NDEP, personal communication with S. Roe, CCS, August 2006. 96 Dun & Bradstreet, MarketPlace CD, Jan-Mar 2002. The data include some business operations in the Standard Industrial Classification codes for the industries of interest; however the number of employees is too small to indicate significant industrial operations. Nevada Division of 65 Center for Climate Strategies Environmental Protection www.climatestrategies.us
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Nevada Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Reference Case Projections

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