Lecture Notes for Computer Architecture II - St. Cloud State University

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Problem Translate the following expression into MIPS assembly language for (i = 0; i < 100; i = i+1) a[i] = b[i]+c Solution Step1 Assign variables to registers Page | 50 i = $t 0 1. i = 0 2. a[i] = b[i]+c 3. i = i+1 4. i < 100 complete the answer Instructions learned so far - add - sub - sw - beq - bne - slt - lw - j - jr - mult - slti Register notation in MIPS $zero – always has 0 $t 0 - $t 7 – registers 8 to 15 $S 0 - $S 7 – registers 16 to 23
Lecture 10 Translation of High Level Language Procedures Assembly Language JAL instruction - Jump and link - Support procedures Page | 51 $a0~$a3 argument registers to pass parameters $v0~$v1 value registers return values $ra return address to return to the point of origin Different call procedures - leaf(no more calls) Only one call to procedure A - Nested calls Main routine calls procedure A A calls B B calls C - call A Recursively A calls A To support execution of procedures Need - a place to hold the parameters registers $a0~$a4 - Transfer the control to the procedure - Acquire Resources for the procedure before computation - Perform the computation - Place the result value in a place where the calling program can access it - value registers to return values $v0~$v1 - stack (LIFO) - need to return to the point of origin after performing the computation $ra
Page 1 and 2: Page | 1 Lecture Notes for Computer
Page 3 and 4: knowledge given in the book chapter
Page 5 and 6: CS 320 SCHEDULE (tentative) Week Wh
Page 7 and 8: 6. Project reports - Presentation C
Page 9 and 10: 9. Course policies: 1) Satisfactory
Page 11 and 12: Size - keep shrinking 1994 124mm 2
Page 13 and 14: Families of different models - Inte
Page 15 and 16: Super Computers CRAY - 1 st vector
Page 17 and 18: Fastest super computers November 20
Page 19 and 20: Class Activity - 2. Trace the conte
Page 21 and 22: TUTOR 1.32:> PHYSICAL ADDRESS=00002
Page 25 and 26: Class Activity 3 - Study of instruc
Page 27 and 28: Class Activity 4 - Study of instruc
Page 33 and 34: Performance Improvement at Instruct
Page 35 and 36: 5. Register indirect addressing mod
Page 37 and 38: High Level Language Statements Ass
Page 39 and 40: Lecture 7 Data transfer memory reg
Page 41 and 42: Problem Translate HLL statement A[
Page 43 and 44: More MIPS instructions jump j jr $S
Page 45 and 46: Problem Translate the following Whi
Page 47 and 48: Problem Translate the following exp
Page 49: Problem Translate the following exp
Page 53 and 54: Translation of Procedures Problem H
Page 55 and 56: Example Write the MIPS code to comp
Page 57 and 58: Program Counter -relative op rs rt
Page 59 and 60: Example Opcode always 1 byte Memory
Page 61 and 62: Lecture 13 Enhancing Performance at
Page 63 and 64: Number Systems Numbers + ve numbers
Page 65 and 66: Example: Design a one bit ALU with
Page 67 and 68: Lecture 14 - Performance Improvemen
Page 69 and 70: Design of Adders c 1 a n , ..., a 1
Page 71 and 72: Carry lookahead adder Problem with
Page 73 and 74: Another look at CLA xi + yi = Pi xi
Page 75 and 76: 4-bit CLA Page | 75 generates C3 ge
Page 77 and 78: Lecture 15 Performance Improvement
Page 79 and 80: Example 981 X 1234 0981 X 1234 mult
Page 81 and 82: Example Consider the multiplication
Page 83 and 84: 2 nd version Reduce cost by reducin
Page 85 and 86: 4th step 4 bits registers 0010 4 bi
Page 87 and 88: 0010 ADDER Page | 87 0001 0010 ADDE
Page 89 and 90: 2's complement of m'cand 1111110101
Page 91 and 92: 0010 ADDER Page | 91 1111 0001 1 no
Page 93 and 94: Lecture 16 - Performance Improvemen
Page 95 and 96: Hardware units needed to perform th
Page 97 and 98: Step 1 Rem = Rem - Divisor ( this t
Page 99 and 100: 5th step Rem = Rem - Divisor Now Re
Page 101 and 102:
2nd step Shift remainder left Rem =
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3 rd version of Division algorithm
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Step 3 Rem = Rem - Div Rem > 0 Shif
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Normalized Form keeps one digit lef
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Let us consider the addition of two
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Control path Inputs Exponent differ
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Lecture 19 Architectures for Crypto
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1. Following pseudo code represents
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Find 7 36 mod 11 using right to lef
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Lecture 20 - Performance Chapter -
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total amount of work done in a give
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Question 4 Assuming the CPI for pro
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Question 9 Yet another user has the
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Question 12 Assuming the CPI values
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Use C2 CPI on M1 = 4*0.3+6*0.2+8*0.
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Question 15 We are interested in tw
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Question 18 You are the lead design
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Arithmetic Logic unit Register file
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Lecture 22 - Processor Design - Dat
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Example Design the data path to fet
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Now combine two functional units to
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Lecture 23 Processor Design - Data
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Example : - Design DataPath for SW
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Processor Design - Data path for R&
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Example : - Implement R+ I +J Forma
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31 26 0 4 control signals EX/Addres
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Draw the logic circuit _ _ _ _ _ _
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Single cycle implementation of the
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from Aluop B from output PC Data Ad
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Lecture 27 High level view of the F
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0 Page | 161 1 2 3 5 4 0 - MemRead
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FSM Controller for lw/sw 6 states 0
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Lecture 28 R-type instruction conti
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Branch Instruction Fetch Page | 167
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Jump Inst Fetch Page | 169 Inst dec
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Page | 171
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0 1 Page | 173 2 6 8 9 3 5 7 4 op 0
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NS0 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 NS1 = 2 + 3
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Lecture 30 Microprogramming - FSM c
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- Microinstruction placed in a ROM
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- In multicycle design - assume tha
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Multi-cycle implementation of the M
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2.5 Draw the functional units neces
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2.9 The instruction, addi (add imme
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Problems with pipelining Hazards Da
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Ex: Represent the 5 stage pipeline
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Example Represent the 5 stage pipel
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Example: Find the size of each pipe
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Pipelined control path - Single cyc
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Control signals with instructions E
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Ex: Show the control signals genera
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Ex: Show the control signals genera
Page 205 and 206:
Lecture 33 Forwarding Unit Design E
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Example: Illustrate the forwarding
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Design a Forwarding unit to integra
Page 211 and 212:
Ex: Forwarding with 2 inst. (1) add
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Lecture 34 Data hazard and stalls F
Page 215 and 216:
Tomasulo • Lasting Contributions
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Tomasulo Organization Page | 217
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4. Show the pipeline execution of f
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7. Illustrate the pipelined data pa
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11. Reorder the following instructi
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15. Design the forwarding unit for
Page 227 and 228:
Temporal locality Low Data Accessin
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Associative mapping More flexible m
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Problems 1. Here is a series of add
Page 233 and 234:
6. What are the miss rate of the fo
Page 235 and 236:
Installation and Usage of Maxplus I
Page 237 and 238:
intend to read registers this instr
Page 239 and 240:
Tomasulo hardware algorithm From Wi
Page 241:
When all operands are available o I
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Lecture Notes for Computer Architecture II - St. Cloud State University

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