Lecture Notes for Computer Architecture II - St. Cloud State University

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RCA + CLA To construct 8 bit adder Put two CLAs together rippling carry from the carry out of 1 st CLA to C0 of 2 nd CLA Page | 76 c0 may not always be zero To construct 12 bit adder Put three 4-bit CLAs together To construct 16 bit adder Put four 4-bit CLAs together
Lecture 15 Performance Improvement at Register Level - Multiplier Design There are many different ways to solve a problem Example Multiplication American English A la russe Divide and conquer Arabic Page | 77 American 981 1234 -------------- 3924 2943 1962 981 ------------ 1210554 English 981 1234 ---------------- 981 1962 2943 3924 ---------------- 1210554 a la russe Rules Make two columns - one for multiplier - one for multiplicand Repeat the following until the number in left hand side is 1 Divide the number in left hand side by 2 Ignore fractions Double the number in RHS Cross out each row where the number in the LH column is even Add up the numbers that remain in the RH column
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Page | 1 Lecture Notes for Computer
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knowledge given in the book chapter
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CS 320 SCHEDULE (tentative) Week Wh
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6. Project reports - Presentation C
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9. Course policies: 1) Satisfactory
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Size - keep shrinking 1994 124mm 2
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Families of different models - Inte
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Super Computers CRAY - 1 st vector
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Fastest super computers November 20
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Class Activity - 2. Trace the conte
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TUTOR 1.32:> PHYSICAL ADDRESS=00002
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TUTOR 1.32:> PHYSICAL ADDRESS=00002
Page 25 and 26: Class Activity 3 - Study of instruc
Page 27 and 28: Class Activity 4 - Study of instruc
Page 29 and 30: TUTOR 1.32:> PHYSICAL ADDRESS=00002
Page 31 and 32: TUTOR 1.32:> PHYSICAL ADDRESS=00004
Page 33 and 34: Performance Improvement at Instruct
Page 35 and 36: 5. Register indirect addressing mod
Page 37 and 38: High Level Language Statements Ass
Page 39 and 40: Lecture 7 Data transfer memory reg
Page 41 and 42: Problem Translate HLL statement A[
Page 43 and 44: More MIPS instructions jump j jr $S
Page 45 and 46: Problem Translate the following Whi
Page 47 and 48: Problem Translate the following exp
Page 49 and 50: Problem Translate the following exp
Page 51 and 52: Lecture 10 Translation of High Leve
Page 53 and 54: Translation of Procedures Problem H
Page 55 and 56: Example Write the MIPS code to comp
Page 57 and 58: Program Counter -relative op rs rt
Page 59 and 60: Example Opcode always 1 byte Memory
Page 61 and 62: Lecture 13 Enhancing Performance at
Page 63 and 64: Number Systems Numbers + ve numbers
Page 65 and 66: Example: Design a one bit ALU with
Page 67 and 68: Lecture 14 - Performance Improvemen
Page 69 and 70: Design of Adders c 1 a n , ..., a 1
Page 71 and 72: Carry lookahead adder Problem with
Page 73 and 74: Another look at CLA xi + yi = Pi xi
Page 75: 4-bit CLA Page | 75 generates C3 ge
Page 79 and 80: Example 981 X 1234 0981 X 1234 mult
Page 81 and 82: Example Consider the multiplication
Page 83 and 84: 2 nd version Reduce cost by reducin
Page 85 and 86: 4th step 4 bits registers 0010 4 bi
Page 87 and 88: 0010 ADDER Page | 87 0001 0010 ADDE
Page 89 and 90: 2's complement of m'cand 1111110101
Page 91 and 92: 0010 ADDER Page | 91 1111 0001 1 no
Page 93 and 94: Lecture 16 - Performance Improvemen
Page 95 and 96: Hardware units needed to perform th
Page 97 and 98: Step 1 Rem = Rem - Divisor ( this t
Page 99 and 100: 5th step Rem = Rem - Divisor Now Re
Page 101 and 102: 2nd step Shift remainder left Rem =
Page 103 and 104: 3 rd version of Division algorithm
Page 105 and 106: Step 3 Rem = Rem - Div Rem > 0 Shif
Page 107 and 108: Normalized Form keeps one digit lef
Page 109 and 110: Let us consider the addition of two
Page 111 and 112: Control path Inputs Exponent differ
Page 113 and 114: Lecture 19 Architectures for Crypto
Page 115 and 116: 1. Following pseudo code represents
Page 117 and 118: Find 7 36 mod 11 using right to lef
Page 119 and 120: Lecture 20 - Performance Chapter -
Page 121 and 122: total amount of work done in a give
Page 123 and 124: Question 4 Assuming the CPI for pro
Page 125 and 126: Question 9 Yet another user has the
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Question 12 Assuming the CPI values
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Use C2 CPI on M1 = 4*0.3+6*0.2+8*0.
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Question 15 We are interested in tw
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Question 18 You are the lead design
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Arithmetic Logic unit Register file
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Lecture 22 - Processor Design - Dat
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Example Design the data path to fet
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Now combine two functional units to
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Lecture 23 Processor Design - Data
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Example : - Design DataPath for SW
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Processor Design - Data path for R&
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Example : - Implement R+ I +J Forma
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31 26 0 4 control signals EX/Addres
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Draw the logic circuit _ _ _ _ _ _
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Single cycle implementation of the
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from Aluop B from output PC Data Ad
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Lecture 27 High level view of the F
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0 Page | 161 1 2 3 5 4 0 - MemRead
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FSM Controller for lw/sw 6 states 0
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Lecture 28 R-type instruction conti
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Branch Instruction Fetch Page | 167
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Jump Inst Fetch Page | 169 Inst dec
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Page | 171
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0 1 Page | 173 2 6 8 9 3 5 7 4 op 0
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NS0 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 NS1 = 2 + 3
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Lecture 30 Microprogramming - FSM c
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- Microinstruction placed in a ROM
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- In multicycle design - assume tha
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Multi-cycle implementation of the M
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2.5 Draw the functional units neces
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2.9 The instruction, addi (add imme
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Problems with pipelining Hazards Da
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Ex: Represent the 5 stage pipeline
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Example Represent the 5 stage pipel
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Example: Find the size of each pipe
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Pipelined control path - Single cyc
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Control signals with instructions E
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Ex: Show the control signals genera
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Ex: Show the control signals genera
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Lecture 33 Forwarding Unit Design E
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Example: Illustrate the forwarding
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Design a Forwarding unit to integra
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Ex: Forwarding with 2 inst. (1) add
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Lecture 34 Data hazard and stalls F
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Tomasulo • Lasting Contributions
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Tomasulo Organization Page | 217
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4. Show the pipeline execution of f
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7. Illustrate the pipelined data pa
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11. Reorder the following instructi
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15. Design the forwarding unit for
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Temporal locality Low Data Accessin
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Associative mapping More flexible m
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Problems 1. Here is a series of add
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6. What are the miss rate of the fo
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Installation and Usage of Maxplus I
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intend to read registers this instr
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Tomasulo hardware algorithm From Wi
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When all operands are available o I
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