UK Climate Change Programme 2006 - JNCC - Defra

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140 Adaptation and that climate change is linked more broadly to work on socio-economic change in the agriculture sector. 40. The impacts of climate change are less wellstudied for the marine environment. Climate change could significantly affect the physical, biological and biogeochemical characteristics of the oceans and coasts, modifying their ecological structure and functions. 41. Changes in sea water temperature is changing the species composition of phytoplankton, the microscopic plants which respond to temperature, light and nutrients and form the lowest level in the food web. Such changes could also affect the life forms higher up the food web. More directly, sea temperature changes could affect the reproductive success of species at a given latitude and, thus, affect the abundance of animals and plants of any size. Since around 1987, changes in plankton have been considered so large-scale that they have been described as a regime shift. There has been increased primary productivity, merging of the spring and autumn blooms and a switch in the dominant species. This has been accompanied by the northward movement of plankton species by about 10 degrees of latitude. 42. More specific action is now being taken to investigate the possible impacts of climate change in the marine environment: • The Government and the UK Climate Impacts Programme (UKCIP) are establishing a Marine Climate Change Impact Partnership in order to develop a long-term, multidisciplinary approach to understanding the implications for the marine ecosystem. • Within the UK Marine Monitoring Strategy, relevant indicators will be identified to monitor and evaluate the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems. We will commission an assessment of the changes in the distribution and abundance of marine species in relation to changes in hydrodynamics and sea temperature. We will combine knowledge and expertise on the impacts of climate change in the marine environment through the Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership. 43. Much of the research to date has been carried out to inform specific individual sectors about the implications of climate change. However, there may be more surprises in store as climate-related impacts on one sector bring with them indirect effects for another. Many of these cross-sectoral issues are much less studied, yet robust adaptation decisions in sectoral policy areas will need to take into account the implications of those decisions for facilitating or preventing effective adaptation in related sectors. We will commission a programme of research to investigate cross-sectoral issues in adapting to the impacts of climate change in the UK. 44. Knowledge and understanding of the impacts of climate change is growing not only in the UK, but internationally too. The field of adaptation is still relatively young, and there is scope to learn much from initial efforts both in the UK and elsewhere to take effective adaptation. In order to be robust, policy-making needs to be flexible, build on the latest research, and allow the latest results to inform policy and planning. We will commission an academic “Climate Change Impacts Review Group” to produce a review of the impacts of climate change and adaptation in the UK. We will conduct a review of current activities to assess the impacts of climate change in the marine environment.
Adaptation 141 Conclusions 45. It is clear that there are many areas of policy where adaptation to the unavoidable impacts of climate change is beginning to occur. The UK has developed considerable expertise in this field, and in the period covered by this revised Programme will have the opportunity to share this internationally. 45. There is also much supporting research work that Government is taking forward to improve understanding of climate impacts and to enable the integration of this understanding into adaptation policy. 46. Action is required more widely than just Central Government. We are working to set in place the knowledge and frameworks to allow us to more successfully adapt to unavoidable climate change.
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Climate Change The UK Programme 200
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©Crown Copyright 2006 The text in
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iv Foreword We will work with our E
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2 Contents Section 5 - Annexes 00 S
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4 Executive Summary Recent experien
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6 Executive Summary In the agricult
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8 CHAPTER ONE What is climate chang
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10 What is climate change and why d
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16 International framework for acti
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24 CHAPTER ONE UK emissions invento
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26 UK emissions inventory and proje
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28 UK emissions inventory and proje
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30 CHAPTER TWO Strategy to reduce U
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32 CHAPTER THREE Energy supply The
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34 Energy supply Energy policy 6. T
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36 Energy supply Electricity from r
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38 Energy supply grid. While these
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40 Energy supply phase allocations
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42 Energy supply 53. Carbon abateme
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44 CHAPTER FOUR Business In 2004, t
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46 Business Existing measures Carbo
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48 Business • fuel used by good q
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50 Business Carbon Trust 1,000 inst
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52 Business long-term strategy to t
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54 Business provides interest free
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56 Business could be complex. The r
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58 Business 85. The EU Landfill Dir
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60 Business Environment Agency 93.
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62 Transport make and on the other
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64 Transport Policies and measures
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66 Transport that they can make inf
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68 Transport An example of the fuel
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70 Transport 43. Other aspects of t
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72 Transport • research and devel
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74 CHAPTER SIX Domestic In 2004, th
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76 Domestic 5. Over 2000-10, before
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78 Domestic Additional measures Inc
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80 Domestic Building Regulations 16
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82 Domestic Energy Performance of B
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84 Domestic regulatory action unnec
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86 Domestic • consumers’ lack o
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88 Domestic England 19 will be met
Page 96 and 97: 90 CHAPTER SEVEN Agriculture, fores
Page 98 and 99: 92 Agriculture, forestry and land m
Page 106 and 107: 100 Agriculture, forestry and land
Page 108 and 109: 102 Agriculture, forestry and land
Page 110 and 111: 104 CHAPTER EIGHT Public sector In
Page 112 and 113: 106 Public sector Sustainable Energ
Page 114 and 115: 108 Public sector new unfunded burd
Page 116 and 117: 110 Public sector 24. The Governmen
Page 118 and 119: 112 Public sector Government Estate
Page 120 and 121: 114 Public sector 48. The Higher Ed
Page 122 and 123: 116 Public sector THE ENCODE The De
Page 124 and 125: 118 Stimulating action by individua
Page 130 and 131: 124 CHAPTER TEN Bringing it all tog
Page 132 and 133: 126 CHAPTER ELEVEN Monitoring and r
Page 135 and 136: SECTION 3 Adapting to the impacts o
Page 137 and 138: Adaptation 131 • increased subsid
Page 139 and 140: Adaptation 133 We will analyse stak
Page 141 and 142: Adaptation 135 additional market ri
Page 143 and 144: Adaptation 137 Climate change partn
Page 145: Adaptation 139 the UK Presidency of
Page 150 and 151: 144 CHAPTER ONE Scotland The Scotti
Page 152 and 153: 146 Scotland The review of the Scot
Page 154 and 155: 148 Scotland carried out around 600
Page 156 and 157: 150 Scotland Fuel poverty 28. Polic
Page 158 and 159: 152 Scotland Planning Building Regu
Page 160 and 161: 154 Northern Ireland Northern Irela
Page 162 and 163: 156 Northern Ireland • by 2012 at
Page 164 and 165: 158 Northern Ireland view to ensuri
Page 166 and 167: 160 Northern Ireland network. The i
Page 168 and 169: 162 Northern Ireland increase in th
Page 170 and 171: 164 Wales The impacts of climate ch
Page 172 and 173: 166 Wales CHP 11. Health estates in
Page 174 and 175: 168 Wales conserved and enhanced. C
Page 176 and 177: 170 ANNEX A Emissions projections C
Page 178 and 179: 172 Emissions projections Methodolo
Page 180 and 181: 174 ANNEX B Carbon dioxide Key fact
Page 182 and 183: 176 ANNEX C Methane Key facts Metha
Page 184 and 185: 178 ANNEX D Nitrous oxide 1. Nitrou
Page 186 and 187: 180 ANNEX E HFCs, PFCs and SF 6 Key
Page 188 and 189: 182 HFCs, PFCs and SF 6 HFC, PFC, S
Page 190 and 191: 184 Carbon sequestration Greenhouse
Page 192 and 193: 186 Carbon sequestration future rat
Page 194 and 195: 188 ANNEX H List of greenhouse gase
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190 ANNEX I Review of the 2000 Clim
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192 Glossary of terms HCFC Hydrochl
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Published by TSO (The Stationery Of
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UK Climate Change Programme 2006 - JNCC - Defra

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