UK Climate Change Programme 2006 - JNCC - Defra

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72 Transport • research and development by aerospace manufacturers of new technologies to reduce the climate change impact of future aircraft; and • voluntary action by airlines, airports and aerospace companies to control greenhouse gas emissions and develop sustainability strategies (such as the Sustainable Aviation strategy). Such action should include emissions reporting and targets at a company level. 53. All these measures provide a solid foundation for action in tackling aviation’s global impacts, but we realise that they may not provide a total solution. In view of this, the Government will continue to explore and discuss options for the use of economic instruments for tackling aviation's greenhouse gas emissions. The Government has made it clear that it reserves the right to act alone or bilaterally if progress at an international level proves too slow. Carbon offsetting 54. We recognise the potential of carbon offsetting to help raise awareness of the environmental impact of travel and other activities. Investment in high quality offset projects (for example through the Clean Development Mechanism) can deliver certified emission reductions to offset unavoidable emissions and often provide additional sustainable development benefits. 55. Carbon offsetting of air travel emissions played a large part in minimising the environmental impact of the UK’s G8 Presidency. As a result, the Kuyasa low-income housing energy upgrade project (the first Clean Development Mechanism project to be accredited in Africa) was selected to offset the G8 Presidency. Emissions arising from the UK’s Presidency of the EU are to be offset in a similar way. 56. We are developing this approach to offset emissions arising from central Government air travel through a Government Carbon Offsetting Fund from April 2006. We are also encouraging other sectors to consider the value of offsetting and we welcome recent airline initiatives, allowing customers to voluntarily calculate and offset emissions from their flights. Shipping 57. The UK is also playing an active role in reducing emissions from Shipping. 58. In the medium to long term, technological improvements may deliver carbon savings. For example, developments in marine engine manufacturing, the use of propulsion systems other than diesel engines and alternative fuels could all offer ways to cut carbon dioxide emissions. 59. Working within the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the UK made a significant contribution at the latest Maritime Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) negotiations on the adoption of Interim Guidelines for Voluntary Ship CO 2 Emission Indexing for Use in Trials. Ships under the United Kingdom flag are being encouraged to participate in these trials, which will help identify a ship’s greenhouse gas index. Other Measures 60. The Highways Agency is working hard to improve its environmental performance and has made substantial progress. The energy it uses to light the network and provide communications systems is now sourced in a greener way: 15 per cent will come from clean energy and the rest through good-quality Combined Heat and Power. The Agency has also adopted innovative construction techniques and materials, cutting both the embodied energy needs of roads and the energy used in transporting materials. On recent projects such techniques have saved tens of thousands of lorry trips. Beyond that, it is investigating the wider use of solar panels and inter-seasonal heat transfer systems.
Transport 73 61. On the issue of the extra carbon dioxide emissions that road improvements generate, we estimate that the road improvements this decade will only have a small impact – offsetting just 10 per cent of the net carbon savings expected from the Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation in 2010. 62. We will also conduct a feasibility study into the potential carbon emission reductions, and other environmental benefits, of an accreditation scheme for UK companies that implement best practice and show improvements in the environmental performance of their transport operations. Such a scheme could cover a wide range of issues, from the efficiency of HGVs and/or company cars to the travel modes used by employees when commuting and travelling for work.
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Climate Change The UK Programme 200
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©Crown Copyright 2006 The text in
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iv Foreword We will work with our E
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2 Contents Section 5 - Annexes 00 S
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4 Executive Summary Recent experien
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6 Executive Summary In the agricult
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8 CHAPTER ONE What is climate chang
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10 What is climate change and why d
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16 International framework for acti
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Page 28 and 29: 22 International framework for acti
Page 30 and 31: 24 CHAPTER ONE UK emissions invento
Page 32 and 33: 26 UK emissions inventory and proje
Page 34 and 35: 28 UK emissions inventory and proje
Page 36 and 37: 30 CHAPTER TWO Strategy to reduce U
Page 38 and 39: 32 CHAPTER THREE Energy supply The
Page 40 and 41: 34 Energy supply Energy policy 6. T
Page 42 and 43: 36 Energy supply Electricity from r
Page 44 and 45: 38 Energy supply grid. While these
Page 46 and 47: 40 Energy supply phase allocations
Page 48 and 49: 42 Energy supply 53. Carbon abateme
Page 50 and 51: 44 CHAPTER FOUR Business In 2004, t
Page 52 and 53: 46 Business Existing measures Carbo
Page 54 and 55: 48 Business • fuel used by good q
Page 56 and 57: 50 Business Carbon Trust 1,000 inst
Page 58 and 59: 52 Business long-term strategy to t
Page 60 and 61: 54 Business provides interest free
Page 62 and 63: 56 Business could be complex. The r
Page 64 and 65: 58 Business 85. The EU Landfill Dir
Page 66 and 67: 60 Business Environment Agency 93.
Page 68 and 69: 62 Transport make and on the other
Page 70 and 71: 64 Transport Policies and measures
Page 72 and 73: 66 Transport that they can make inf
Page 74 and 75: 68 Transport An example of the fuel
Page 76 and 77: 70 Transport 43. Other aspects of t
Page 80 and 81: 74 CHAPTER SIX Domestic In 2004, th
Page 82 and 83: 76 Domestic 5. Over 2000-10, before
Page 84 and 85: 78 Domestic Additional measures Inc
Page 86 and 87: 80 Domestic Building Regulations 16
Page 88 and 89: 82 Domestic Energy Performance of B
Page 90 and 91: 84 Domestic regulatory action unnec
Page 92 and 93: 86 Domestic • consumers’ lack o
Page 94 and 95: 88 Domestic England 19 will be met
Page 96 and 97: 90 CHAPTER SEVEN Agriculture, fores
Page 98 and 99: 92 Agriculture, forestry and land m
Page 106 and 107: 100 Agriculture, forestry and land
Page 108 and 109: 102 Agriculture, forestry and land
Page 110 and 111: 104 CHAPTER EIGHT Public sector In
Page 112 and 113: 106 Public sector Sustainable Energ
Page 114 and 115: 108 Public sector new unfunded burd
Page 116 and 117: 110 Public sector 24. The Governmen
Page 118 and 119: 112 Public sector Government Estate
Page 120 and 121: 114 Public sector 48. The Higher Ed
Page 122 and 123: 116 Public sector THE ENCODE The De
Page 124 and 125: 118 Stimulating action by individua
Page 126 and 127: 120 Stimulating action by individua
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122 Stimulating action by individua
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124 CHAPTER TEN Bringing it all tog
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126 CHAPTER ELEVEN Monitoring and r
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SECTION 3 Adapting to the impacts o
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Adaptation 131 • increased subsid
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Adaptation 133 We will analyse stak
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Adaptation 135 additional market ri
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Adaptation 137 Climate change partn
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Adaptation 139 the UK Presidency of
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Adaptation 141 Conclusions 45. It i
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144 CHAPTER ONE Scotland The Scotti
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146 Scotland The review of the Scot
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148 Scotland carried out around 600
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150 Scotland Fuel poverty 28. Polic
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152 Scotland Planning Building Regu
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154 Northern Ireland Northern Irela
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156 Northern Ireland • by 2012 at
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158 Northern Ireland view to ensuri
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160 Northern Ireland network. The i
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162 Northern Ireland increase in th
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164 Wales The impacts of climate ch
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166 Wales CHP 11. Health estates in
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168 Wales conserved and enhanced. C
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170 ANNEX A Emissions projections C
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172 Emissions projections Methodolo
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174 ANNEX B Carbon dioxide Key fact
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176 ANNEX C Methane Key facts Metha
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178 ANNEX D Nitrous oxide 1. Nitrou
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180 ANNEX E HFCs, PFCs and SF 6 Key
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182 HFCs, PFCs and SF 6 HFC, PFC, S
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184 Carbon sequestration Greenhouse
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186 Carbon sequestration future rat
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188 ANNEX H List of greenhouse gase
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190 ANNEX I Review of the 2000 Clim
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192 Glossary of terms HCFC Hydrochl
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Published by TSO (The Stationery Of
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UK Climate Change Programme 2006 - JNCC - Defra

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