UK Climate Change Programme 2006 - JNCC - Defra

More documents

Recommendations

Info

32 CHAPTER THREE Energy supply The energy supply sector has contributed a large reduction in the UK’s greenhouse gas emissions over the past decade. This has been largely through the switch away from more carbon intensive fuels such as coal and oil towards low or zero carbon emissions fuels such as gas, nuclear and renewables. In 2004, the energy supply sector was responsible for carbon dioxide emissions of 53.7 MtC or about 36 per cent of the UK total. Emissions fell to about 19 per cent below 1990 levels by 2004 and we estimate that they will fall further through to 2010 as a result of the impact on electricity demand of existing measures and a further increase in the share of gas-fired electricity generation. Greenhouse gas emissions fell by 17 per cent below base year levels by 2004. Introduction 1. A principal reason for the fall in the UK’s greenhouse gas emissions over the past decade has been the restructuring of the energy supply industry in the mid-1990s. Fuel switching from coal and oil to gas led to a significant increase in the proportion of gas in the energy mix. The volatile and high gas price – and the corresponding switching from gas to coal and oil generation that have resulted from this – will inevitably have had a detrimental effect on carbon dioxide emissions this winter. Measures introduced in the Climate Change Programme 2000 are estimated to save 2.5 MtC in 2010. The main contributions are the Renewables Obligation and support for Combined Heat and Power. The second phase of the EU emissions trading scheme will save an additional 3.0 – 8.0 MtC in 2010. The Government will also be introducing a support scheme for biomass heat in the industrial, commercial and community sectors. Budget 2006 announced a further £50m for DTI’s Low Carbon Buildings Programme with the aim of encouraging manufacture at higher scale leading to lower costs. This will help fund the installation of microgeneration technologies in a range of buildings including schools, social and local authority housing, businesses and public buildings. Further details will be announced by the DTI in due course. The Energy Review is assessing further options for longer-term carbon savings from both the supply and demand side for energy. This will include consideration of what more can be done to improve the conditions for low carbon technologies, such as carbon capture and storage, to come forward. 2. The direction of the energy supply sector over the coming decade will be critical to our ability to make the much deeper emission cuts to which the Government is committed. This is one of the key questions being considered by the current Energy Review. Greenhouse gas emissions inventory and trends 3. The energy supply sector, which is the biggest single contributor to the UK’s carbon dioxide emissions, was responsible for about 58 MtC or 38 per cent of net CO 2 emissions in 2004. 4. Emissions from the energy supply sector include those from the production of fuel for final consumption by other sectors. This includes electricity generation, oil production and refining,
Energy supply 33 Greenhouse gas emissions from energy supply industry, MtC Gas 1990 1995 2000 2004 2010 2015 2020 Carbon dioxide 66.1 56.6 53.7 58.0 53.4 53.7 49.1 Methane 7.8 6.1 4.1 3.0 2.4 2.0 1.7 Nitrous oxide 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 Total 74.4 63.1 58.2 61.4 56.2 56.0 51.2 Change from 1990 levels -15.2 -21.8 -17.6 -24.5 -24.8 -31.4 Note: the percentage changes and emission estimates may differ slightly due to rounding. Existing measures Carbon savings in 2010 (MtC) Renewables Obligation 2.5 TOTAL 2.5 gas production and transmission, and the production of coal and other solid fuels. (Carbon dioxide emissions from the energy supply industry are shown separately in the table below, but are incorporated into emissions from individual sectors that use the final products from energy supply in the ‘end user’ tables.) Projections of greenhouse gas emissions from the energy supply sector and the estimated effect of additional quantified measures, MtC 80 70 5. Carbon dioxide contributed around 94 per cent of the greenhouse gas emissions from the energy supply sector in 2004. The other emissions are of methane from natural gas transmission and distribution, coal mining and offshore oil and gas production. In 2004, greenhouse gas emissions from the UK energy supply sector were about 61.4 MtC. Annual emissions have fallen since 1990 and are projected to be about 56.2 MtC in 2010, 24.5 per cent lower than 1990 emissions. MtC 60 50 40 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Historical trend Baseline with measures projections Additional quantified measures (including low range for EU ETS) Additional quantified measures (including high range for EU ETS) 2015 2020 Potential carbon savings Additional measures Carbon savings in 2010 (MtC) Subsidy for biomass heat 0.1 Second phase of EU emissions trading scheme 3.0 – 8.0 TOTAL 3.1 – 8.1
Page 1: Climate Change The UK Programme 200
Page 4 and 5: ©Crown Copyright 2006 The text in
Page 6 and 7: iv Foreword We will work with our E
Page 8 and 9: 2 Contents Section 5 - Annexes 00 S
Page 10 and 11: 4 Executive Summary Recent experien
Page 12 and 13: 6 Executive Summary In the agricult
Page 14 and 15: 8 CHAPTER ONE What is climate chang
Page 16 and 17: 10 What is climate change and why d
Page 22 and 23: 16 International framework for acti
Page 30 and 31: 24 CHAPTER ONE UK emissions invento
Page 32 and 33: 26 UK emissions inventory and proje
Page 34 and 35: 28 UK emissions inventory and proje
Page 36 and 37: 30 CHAPTER TWO Strategy to reduce U
Page 40 and 41: 34 Energy supply Energy policy 6. T
Page 42 and 43: 36 Energy supply Electricity from r
Page 44 and 45: 38 Energy supply grid. While these
Page 46 and 47: 40 Energy supply phase allocations
Page 48 and 49: 42 Energy supply 53. Carbon abateme
Page 50 and 51: 44 CHAPTER FOUR Business In 2004, t
Page 52 and 53: 46 Business Existing measures Carbo
Page 54 and 55: 48 Business • fuel used by good q
Page 56 and 57: 50 Business Carbon Trust 1,000 inst
Page 58 and 59: 52 Business long-term strategy to t
Page 60 and 61: 54 Business provides interest free
Page 62 and 63: 56 Business could be complex. The r
Page 64 and 65: 58 Business 85. The EU Landfill Dir
Page 66 and 67: 60 Business Environment Agency 93.
Page 68 and 69: 62 Transport make and on the other
Page 70 and 71: 64 Transport Policies and measures
Page 72 and 73: 66 Transport that they can make inf
Page 74 and 75: 68 Transport An example of the fuel
Page 76 and 77: 70 Transport 43. Other aspects of t
Page 78 and 79: 72 Transport • research and devel
Page 80 and 81: 74 CHAPTER SIX Domestic In 2004, th
Page 82 and 83: 76 Domestic 5. Over 2000-10, before
Page 84 and 85: 78 Domestic Additional measures Inc
Page 86 and 87: 80 Domestic Building Regulations 16
Page 88 and 89:
82 Domestic Energy Performance of B
Page 90 and 91:
84 Domestic regulatory action unnec
Page 92 and 93:
86 Domestic • consumers’ lack o
Page 94 and 95:
88 Domestic England 19 will be met
Page 96 and 97:
90 CHAPTER SEVEN Agriculture, fores
Page 98 and 99:
92 Agriculture, forestry and land m
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
100 Agriculture, forestry and land
Page 108 and 109:
102 Agriculture, forestry and land
Page 110 and 111:
104 CHAPTER EIGHT Public sector In
Page 112 and 113:
106 Public sector Sustainable Energ
Page 114 and 115:
108 Public sector new unfunded burd
Page 116 and 117:
110 Public sector 24. The Governmen
Page 118 and 119:
112 Public sector Government Estate
Page 120 and 121:
114 Public sector 48. The Higher Ed
Page 122 and 123:
116 Public sector THE ENCODE The De
Page 124 and 125:
118 Stimulating action by individua
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
124 CHAPTER TEN Bringing it all tog
Page 132 and 133:
126 CHAPTER ELEVEN Monitoring and r
Page 135 and 136:
SECTION 3 Adapting to the impacts o
Page 137 and 138:
Adaptation 131 • increased subsid
Page 139 and 140:
Adaptation 133 We will analyse stak
Page 141 and 142:
Adaptation 135 additional market ri
Page 143 and 144:
Adaptation 137 Climate change partn
Page 145 and 146:
Adaptation 139 the UK Presidency of
Page 147:
Adaptation 141 Conclusions 45. It i
Page 150 and 151:
144 CHAPTER ONE Scotland The Scotti
Page 152 and 153:
146 Scotland The review of the Scot
Page 154 and 155:
148 Scotland carried out around 600
Page 156 and 157:
150 Scotland Fuel poverty 28. Polic
Page 158 and 159:
152 Scotland Planning Building Regu
Page 160 and 161:
154 Northern Ireland Northern Irela
Page 162 and 163:
156 Northern Ireland • by 2012 at
Page 164 and 165:
158 Northern Ireland view to ensuri
Page 166 and 167:
160 Northern Ireland network. The i
Page 168 and 169:
162 Northern Ireland increase in th
Page 170 and 171:
164 Wales The impacts of climate ch
Page 172 and 173:
166 Wales CHP 11. Health estates in
Page 174 and 175:
168 Wales conserved and enhanced. C
Page 176 and 177:
170 ANNEX A Emissions projections C
Page 178 and 179:
172 Emissions projections Methodolo
Page 180 and 181:
174 ANNEX B Carbon dioxide Key fact
Page 182 and 183:
176 ANNEX C Methane Key facts Metha
Page 184 and 185:
178 ANNEX D Nitrous oxide 1. Nitrou
Page 186 and 187:
180 ANNEX E HFCs, PFCs and SF 6 Key
Page 188 and 189:
182 HFCs, PFCs and SF 6 HFC, PFC, S
Page 190 and 191:
184 Carbon sequestration Greenhouse
Page 192 and 193:
186 Carbon sequestration future rat
Page 194 and 195:
188 ANNEX H List of greenhouse gase
Page 196 and 197:
190 ANNEX I Review of the 2000 Clim
Page 198 and 199:
192 Glossary of terms HCFC Hydrochl
Page 202:
Published by TSO (The Stationery Of
show all

UK Climate Change Programme 2006 - JNCC - Defra

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?