Living with Risk. A global review of disaster reduction initiatives

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NOTE This edition of "Living with Risk. A global review of disaster reduction initiatives" is a preliminary version of a final publication, which will be published early 2003. The final revised version will consider comments received and will track further developments in risk and disaster reduction thinking. It will also elaborate more on those regions not fully addressed in this preliminary issue. It will propose a systematic and continuing process to monitor progress in this field. Comments, corrections and additional information are all welcomed and can be sent to the ISDR Secretariat by 30 September, 2002, for them to be considered. Related information is available on a reference database maintained by the ISDR Secretariat, and soon available online at: www.unisdr.org The final version will contain a full thematic index, yet not available. Please send comments and feedback to the ISDR Secretariat: isdr@un.org or molinvaldes@un.org, or by mail to the ISDR Secretariat (see address below). This publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement of the source is requested. The ISDR Secretariat would like to encourage the full utilization of this review and would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication containing quotation or reprint of material from this report. DISCLAIMER The views expressed in this publication are those of the review team and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Secretariat. The designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the UN Secretariat concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Copyright © United Nations, 2002. All rights reserved. Geneva, Switzerland. United Nations Inter-Agency Secretariat International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) Palais des Nations CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland isdr@un.org www.unisdr.org Tel: (41-22) 917-2759 Fax: (41-22) 917-0563 Cover design: Mario Barrantes Based on the World Map of Natural Hazards, by MünichRe
Table of Contents Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Chapter 1 Living with risk - focus on disaster risk reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 1.1 Setting the scene - understanding disaster risk reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 1.2 Contexts and processes linked to disaster risk reduction: sustainable development . . . . . . .26 Chapter 2 Risk awareness and assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 2.1 Understanding the nature of risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 2.2 Emerging trends in disaster impact, hazards and vulnerability patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 2.3 Risk assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 Chapter 3 Policy and public commitment: the foundation of disaster risk reduction . . . . . . . .79 3.1 Institutional frameworks: Policy, legislation and organizational development for national and local decision-making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81 3.2 Regional cooperation, interaction and experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113 3.3 Community action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141 Chapter 4 Building understanding: development of knowledge and information sharing . . . .153 4.1 Information management and communication of experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155 4.2 Education and training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178 4.3 Public awareness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188 Chapter 5 A selection of disaster reduction applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203 5.1 Environmental management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205 5.2 Land use planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221 5.3 Protection of critical facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231 5.4 Networking and partnerships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245 5.5 Financial and economic tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253 5.6 Early warning systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261 Chapter 6 Related international commitments and the UN role in disaster risk reduction . . .285 6.1 Selected international development agendas and commitments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287 6.2 UN agencies and scope of activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301 Chapter 7 Challenges for the future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325 Annexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335 1. Terminology: Basic terms of disaster risk reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337 2. Directory: International, regional, national and specialized organizations involved in disaster reduction and related issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343 3. List of acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365 4. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .375 Additional specific reference are available at the www.unisdr.org website, including the Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action and the ISDR background paper for the World Summit on Sustainable Development: Disaster Reduction and Sustainable Development: understanding the links between vulnerability and risk related to development and environment
Page 1: D Living with Risk A global review
Page 5 and 6: Bastien Affeltranger, France Tom Al
Page 7 and 8: Introduction This is a preliminary
Page 9 and 10: A more vulnerable world The trend s
Page 11 and 12: Journey to a safer world This revie
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2 Living with Risk: A global review
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Community scale model to identify h
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Riskland- a fun way to learn how to
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A selection of disaster reduction a
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development of Africa, deserves att
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ment. Therefore organizational fram
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(NSA) and the System for Environmen
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Selected application of disaster re
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patory approaches: empowering local
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een highlighted and additional asse
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Ways to achieve a safer built envir
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ture. The following cases demonstra
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carry out these guidelines. For the
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intended to build institutional str
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The PRECLIF Project for the Local P
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It is because these factors, compou
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Combined investment in economic dev
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mitigation, recovery and reconstruc
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uilding public and individual asset
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early warning reducing the conseque
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organization-specific requirements.
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The success of the WMO programmes i
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orological services can provide by
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Criteria to measure the effectivene
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Chapter 6 Related international com
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Related international commitments a
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These joined the long standing Rams
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The Clean Development Mechanism (CD
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and production, soil conservation,
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Division for the Advancement of Wom
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ECLAC secretariat headquarters Casi
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The UNDP Drylands Development Centr
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The foundation of UNICEF action lie
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Specialized agencies Food and Agric
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World Health Organization (WHO) WHO
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international scientific voice on c
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Disaster Mitigation and Relief Oper
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an International Training Centre fo
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the United Nations Secretary-Genera
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Chapter 7 Challenges for the future
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Challenges for the future 7 Challen
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improved disaster risk reduction. T
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Building performance targets In ord
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Challenges for the future 7 Methodo
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Annexes 1. Terminology: Basic terms
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a1 Living with Risk: A global revie
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a3 UNEP/DEPI UNEP/DEWA UNESCO UNFCC
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“In recent years the world has wi
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