Living with Risk. A global review of disaster reduction initiatives

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Policy and public commitment: the foundation of disaster risk reduction 3 Country Focal point for disaster management National action plans State and provincial disaster reduction plans Pakistan Disaster Preparedness and Relief Cell in Cabinet National Disaster Plan Karachi Emergency Relief Plan Model district plan - disaster relief cell Punjab provincial flood action plan Earthquake plan for towns and cities in the seismic regions Sind provincial disaster plan Disaster preparedness plan Kasur Tehsil Philippines National Disaster Coordinating Council, Office of Civil Defence, Ministry of Defence National Calamities and Disaster Preparedness Plans Contingency plan for Taal Regional disaster preparedness plan for Tacloban City Contingency plan for Mayon volcano Singapore Ministry of Home Affairs, Singapore Civil Defence Force and Singapore Police Force Civil Defence Act Emergency or Contingency Plan Fire Safety Act Civil Defence Shelter Act Sri Lanka National Disaster Management Centre, Ministry of Social Services and Housing Development National Disaster Management Plan Coastal environmental management plan for the west coast of Sri Lanka Major disaster contingency plan Tajikistan Ministery or Emergency Situations and Civil Defence Joint plan with Russian Federation until 2005 Thailand National Civil Defence Committee, Ministry of Interior National Civil Defence Plan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Disaster Management Plan Vietnam Department of Dyke Management and Flood Control (DDMFC) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. Secretariats of the Central Committee for Flood and Storm Control responsible for emergency responses to disastrous events. Strategy and Action Plan for Mitigating Water Disasters in Vietnam 89
3 Living with Risk: A global review of disaster reduction initiatives 90 The Americas A major shift is now taking place in many countries in the Americas, from the north to the south. As mentioned in Chapter 1, the combination of extremely severe social, economic and environmental consequences associated with several disasters in the final years of the 1990s provided stark and unavoidable lessons to leaders in the region. Both official and public outlooks about disasters in Latin America and the Caribbean countries prior to 1990 concentrated almost exclusively on developing humanitarian response and improving preparedness capacities, linked to civil defense or military institutions. The 1990s would see some important institutional changes in emphasis and priorities, starting already in 1985 in Mexico and Colombia after a major earthquake and volcanic eruption respectively. Disaster reduction issues, expressed through terms of prevention and mitigation and given a higher status in political and technical discourse, although this was not transferred into significant changes or real action during much of the decade. Most official disaster organizations created prevention offices in name, but their roles were limited essentially to strengthening efforts in disaster preparedness, conducting basic hazard mapping or promoting early warning systems at national scales. Few human or financial resources were committed and existing legal and institutional arrangements impeded any major changes. This is now slowly changing supported by a regional process, as discussed in section 3.2. Case: Central American countries Linking risk reduction with development policies and environmental concerns is common in several Central American countries, especially where the severe effects of hurricane Mitch decimated earlier investments made in national development. In 1996, Guatemala reformed its disaster legislation and created the National Coordinator for Disaster Reduction (CONRED) comprising a supervisory council of representatives from different development departments, disaster response agencies, and civil society. While serving neither as a single organization nor a system, CONRED was given an expanded range of responsibilities in the field of risk reduction, and has provided a focal point for expanded attention to risk issues. By working together with the Ministry of Planning, a National Risk Reduction System is being established and efforts are underway to incorporate multi-sector risk reduction strategies into the country’s National Poverty Reduction Plan. These activities complement the longstanding Disaster Response Division and an Emergency Operations Centre. In recent years, aided by UNDP, Nicaragua has developed an expanded approach for a National Program for Risk Reduction and has designed a new disaster risk management strategy. First, studies were commissioned to analyse the Nicaraguan legal framework for disaster management and the implications regarding government, municipalities, the private sector and citizens. Early in 2000, the Nicaraguan National Legislative Assembly passed a new law creating the National System for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Attention and officially established the National Risk Reduction Plan as a central operational instrument. As seen elsewhere, the institutional concept was built upon a broad and comprehensive approach to risk reduction issues, but one that is intended to be implemented on a decentralized basis. The strategy and the legislation are considered by some commentators to be the most advanced examples for disaster reduction in the region at the present time. Both Swiss bilateral development assistance and World Bank support have been enlisted to strengthen the provision of technical abilities and to augment human resources. While the implementation of the process can benefit by drawing on the combined experiences of the Civil Defence Organization and the Nicaraguan Institute for Territorial Studies, the key to future success will be the extent to which productive relationships can be forged with other key government departments and development agencies. Case: Canada In part spurred on by the social and economic consequences of a particularly severe ice storm in 2000, the Canadian Prime Minister
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D Living with Risk A global review
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Table of Contents Acknowledgements
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Bastien Affeltranger, France Tom Al
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Introduction This is a preliminary
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A more vulnerable world The trend s
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Journey to a safer world This revie
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Eruption of Mount Agung, Bali, Indo
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Riskland- a fun way to learn how to
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A selection of disaster reduction a
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development of Africa, deserves att
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ment. Therefore organizational fram
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(NSA) and the System for Environmen
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Selected application of disaster re
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patory approaches: empowering local
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een highlighted and additional asse
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Ways to achieve a safer built envir
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ture. The following cases demonstra
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carry out these guidelines. For the
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intended to build institutional str
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The PRECLIF Project for the Local P
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It is because these factors, compou
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Combined investment in economic dev
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mitigation, recovery and reconstruc
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uilding public and individual asset
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early warning reducing the conseque
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organization-specific requirements.
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The success of the WMO programmes i
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orological services can provide by
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Criteria to measure the effectivene
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Chapter 6 Related international com
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Related international commitments a
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These joined the long standing Rams
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The Clean Development Mechanism (CD
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and production, soil conservation,
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Division for the Advancement of Wom
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ECLAC secretariat headquarters Casi
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The UNDP Drylands Development Centr
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The foundation of UNICEF action lie
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Specialized agencies Food and Agric
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World Health Organization (WHO) WHO
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international scientific voice on c
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Disaster Mitigation and Relief Oper
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an International Training Centre fo
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the United Nations Secretary-Genera
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Chapter 7 Challenges for the future
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Challenges for the future 7 Challen
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improved disaster risk reduction. T
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Building performance targets In ord
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Challenges for the future 7 Methodo
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Annexes 1. Terminology: Basic terms
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a1 Living with Risk: A global revie
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a3 UNEP/DEPI UNEP/DEWA UNESCO UNFCC
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“In recent years the world has wi
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