Living with Risk. A global review of disaster reduction initiatives

Risk awareness and assessment
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Reducing drought impacts
The need to improve drought preparedness through the development of policies and plans has become
well accepted: South Africa (early 1990’s), Sub-Saharan Africa (UNDP/UNSO, 2000), West Asian and
North Africa countries, Mediterranean region (CIHEAM, 2001), Morocco. Some of these were developed
with UNCCD, (total number of Ratification of the Convention in January 2002: 178 countries). In
Australia, the 1992 National Drought Policy is widely recognised as a successful policy and often replicated.
It has three main objectives:
• Encourage primary producers and others sections of rural Australia to adopt self-reliant approaches
to managing for climatic variability.
• Maintain and protect Australia’s agriculture and environment resource base during periods of
extreme climate stress.
• Ensure early recovery of agriculture and rural industries, consistent with long term sustainable
goals.
Climate change, sea level rise
and coastal systems
Coastal zones are characterized by much diversity
of ecosystems and a variety of socio-economic
activities. An estimated 46 million people
per year, living in coastal areas, are at risk of
flooding from storm surges, and sea-level rise.
Climate change will exacerbate these trends
with significant impact upon the ecosystems
and populations. A growing number of people
will, continue to be located in coastal areas.
Many traditional communities and subsistence
level populations also rely on the resource
wealth of coastal areas and continue to be
drawn to these higher risk coastal regions. For
example, indigenous coastal and island communities
in the Torres Strait of Australia and in
New Zealand’s Pacific Island Territories are
especially vulnerable. Although adaptation
options do exist, such measures are not easily
implemented on low-lying land. Also, climate
change and sea-level rise issues are not as yet
well incorporated into current models and
frameworks for coastal zone management.
There is a direct link between tropical sea temperature in
the oceans and the frequency of tropical cyclones, hurricanes
or typhoons. More heat in the atmosphere means
more evaporation which means more rainfall and more
flooding in some places, more frequent drought in others,
more violent windstorms or heavier snows elsewhere.
Photo: PAHO
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