ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The ISDR Secretariat gratefully acknowledges the many individual and institutional contributions for the <strong>global</strong> <strong>review</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>disaster</strong> <strong>reduction</strong> <strong>initiatives</strong> received from around the world. The material in this <strong>review</strong> was drawn from special ISDR studies carried out by regional partner organizations, solicited inputs from UN agencies, experts and individuals, and from publicly available information. In addition, a questionnaire was circulated by the Secretariat to all countries for self-assessment <strong>of</strong> their institutional and policy development, risk assessments and planning for <strong>disaster</strong> risk <strong>reduction</strong>. Valuable contributions were also made by members <strong>of</strong> the Inter-Agency Task Force on Disaster Reduction. Additional contributions have been provided by participants in the on-line debate, held in preparation for the World Summit on Sustainable Development, organized by the NGO network Multi Stakeholder Forum for Our Common Future and the ISDR Secretariat during May, 2002 (see: www.earthsummit2002.org). An Advisory Panel comprising experts from around the world (see below) met twice to provide guidance for the preparation <strong>of</strong> the report. Funding Special appreciation is extended to the Government <strong>of</strong> Japan, the Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) who kindly contributed funds and resources for the realisation <strong>of</strong> this project. Additional ISDR resources were drawn from contributions received from the Governments <strong>of</strong> Austria, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Iceland, the Philippines, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, and from the World Bank. Regional contributors • Central America: Coordination Center for the Prevention <strong>of</strong> Natural Disasters in Central America (CEPREDENAC), <strong>with</strong> supplementary input from North America • Andean nations: Andean Development Corporation (CAF) Disaster Prevention Programme (PREANDINO), <strong>with</strong> supplementary input from South America • Caribbean: Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency (CDERA) • Asia: Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) <strong>with</strong> supplementary input from ADRC, Japan, Iran and Kazakhstan • Pacific island states: South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC) • Southern Africa: Disaster Mitigation for Sustainable Livelihoods Programme (DiMP), University <strong>of</strong> Cape Town, <strong>with</strong> supplementary input on the Horn <strong>of</strong> Africa and North Africa • Central Europe: Central European Disaster Prevention Forum (CEUDIP) • Europe: European Directorate General Joint Research Centre (JRC) <strong>with</strong> additional contributions from Germany and Switzerland. Advisory Panel Gerhard Berz, Member <strong>of</strong> Executive Management, MunichRe, Germany Ian Davis, former Pr<strong>of</strong>essor at University <strong>of</strong> Cranfield, UK Corazón de León, former Chair, Civil Service Commission, Government <strong>of</strong> the Philippines Claude de Ville de Goyet, former Chief <strong>of</strong> the Disaster Preparedness Program, PAHO/WHO, Washington D.C. Robert Hamilton, International Council for Science (ICSU) and National Academies, USA. Isabelle Milbert, Pr<strong>of</strong>essor, University Institute for Development Studies (IUED), Geneva , Switzerland Evans A. Mukolwe, Director Coordinator, Scientific and Technical Programmes, WMO, Geneva Satoru Nishikawa, Executive Director, ADRC, Kobe, Japan Individual contributors The ISDR Secretariat thanks all those individuals, country and agency representatives who have provided contributions or comments and who have helped in <strong>review</strong>ing the current preliminary text <strong>of</strong> this <strong>review</strong>. The list is long and not all are mentioned by name. Special thanks are extended to Kenzo Oshima, UN Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs, whose encouragement and support throughout the process have been very valuable, and to Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Denis Martin Benn, former interim Director <strong>of</strong> the ISDR Secretariat, who launched the idea <strong>of</strong> a <strong>global</strong> <strong>review</strong> on <strong>disaster</strong> <strong>reduction</strong> <strong>initiatives</strong> in 2001. 1
Bastien Affeltranger, France Tom Alcedo, CARE, India Margaret Arnold, DMF, World Bank, Washington D.C. Andrea Athanas, Shell Global Solutions Yasemin Aysan, UNDP, Geneva Djillali Benour, University <strong>of</strong> Bab Ezzour, Algeria Neil Britton, New Zealand John Campbell, University <strong>of</strong> Waikato, New Zealand Barbara Carby, ODPEM, Jamaica Ed Clay, ODI, UK He Changchui, FAO, Rome Jeremy Collymore, CDERA, Barbados Louise Comfort, University <strong>of</strong> Pittsburg, USA Claude De Ville de Goyet, PAHO, Washington D.C. Amod Dixit, NSET, Nepal Norberto Fernandez, UNEP, Nairobi Daria Ferrari, OCHA, Geneva Henry Gaudru, Société Volcanologique Européenne, France Mohsen Ghafory-Ashtiany, IIEES, Iran Johann Goldammer, GFMC, Germany Robert Hamilton, National Research Council, National Academies, USA Maria Hartl, former DAW/UNDESA, New York Tom Harrer, Mozambique Ailsa Holloway, University <strong>of</strong> Cape Town, South Africa Kari Juhani Keipi, IADB, Washington D.C. Sylvester Kalonge, USAID, Zambia Kamal Kishore, ADPC, Thailand Allan Lavell, FLACSO and LA RED, Costa Rica Alessandro Loretti, WHO, Geneva Kirsi Madi, UNICEF, Geneva Jean-Pierre Massue, EUR-OPA Major Hazards, Council <strong>of</strong> Europe, Strassbourg, France Alan Mearns, SOPAC, Fiji Stefan Micallef, UNEP, Nairobi Tanya Miquilena de Corrales, PREANDINO/CAF, Venezuela Stuart Mustow, Hazards Forum, UK Jaromir Nemec, CEUDIP, Czech Republic Ali Neumann, SDC/PREVAC, Nicaragua Christopher Newhall, University <strong>of</strong> Washington, USA Saturo Nishikawa, ADRC, Kobe, Japan Toshiyasu Noda, former Disaster Preparedness Office, Cabinet Office, Japan Eva von Oelreich, IFRC, Geneva Kenji Okazaki, UNCRD, Kobe, Japan Brett Orlando, IUCN, Switzerland Mary Otto-Chang, York Centre for Applied Sustainability, Canada Dennis Parker, Middlesex University, UK Jean Luc Poncelet, PAHO, Washington D.C. Carlos Manuel Rodríguez Otero, Instituto de Planificación Física, Cuba Tim Radford, UK Badaoui Rouhban, UNESCO, Paris Jack Rynn, Australia John Scott, USA Rajib Shaw, UNCRD, Kobe, Japan Jan Sheltinga, UNCCD secretariat, Bonn Josephine Shields, IFRC, Geneva Owen Shumba, SAFIRE, Zimbabwe Anil Sinha, National Centre for Disaster Management, India Franz Stoessel, PLANAT, Switzerland Ken Sudo, JICA, Japan, Institute <strong>of</strong> Seismology, Kazakhstan Jason Switzer, IISD, Geneva, Switzerland Pablo Torrealba, CEPREDENAC, Panama Christopher Tucker, OCIPEP, Canada Jaime Valdés, UN-HABITAT, Geneva Dewald Van Niekerk, African Centre for Disaster Studies, South Africa Ana Lisa Vetere A., European Commission, JRC, Italy Carlos Villacis, Kennedy School <strong>of</strong> Government, Harvard University, USA Florian Wieneke, Cuba Donald Wilhite, National Drought Center, University <strong>of</strong> Nebraska, USA Zheng Yuan-Chang, National Committee ISDR, China Karl-Otto Zentel, DKKV, Germany Dave Zervaas, CRID, Costa Rica Replies to the ISDR questionnaire on <strong>disaster</strong> <strong>reduction</strong> were received from: Angola, Armenia, Bangladesh, Bahrain, Bolivia, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cook Islands, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Federated States <strong>of</strong> Micronesia, Fiji, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Guam, Honduras, India, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, Laos, Lebanon, Lithuania, Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Nauru, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Salomon Islands, Samoa, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Thailand, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Viet Nam, Zimbabwe. The production team for the <strong>global</strong> <strong>review</strong> ISDR Secretariat: Mohamed Abchir, Pedro Basabe, Marie-Lou Darricau, John Harding, Abdullahi Majeed, Helena Molin Valdés (editorial and project coordination), Marianne Muller, Elina Palm Main consultants: Terry Jeggle, Haris Sanahuja, Carmen Schlosser Special advisor: Ian Davis Editorial support/pro<strong>of</strong> reading: Michelle Katz, Fabien Nathan, Cristian Nitsch Design and layout: Mario Barrantes Züniga Other current and former ISDR Secretariat staff contributed in many different ways: Christine Alessi, Nicole Appel, Sálvano Briceño (ISDR Director), Stephanie Boubault, Astrid Gallecier, Elena Dokhlik, Sam Hammond, Susanne Jacobsen, Francesco Pisano, Christel Rose, Etsuko Tsunozaki Photos: ADRC, ISDR Secretariat, MünichRe, PAHO, GFMC 2
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Building performance targets In ord
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“In recent years the world has wi