Paul Kane's Journal of his Western Travels, 1846-1848 - History and ...

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Guide to People and Places in Kane's Journal I. s. MacLaren The entries are ordered alphabetically by the first spelling Kane uses. Any references to the book, Wanderings o!an Artist among the Indians of North America, are cited as WA ; the page references refer to the same edition cited in the author's essay. All references to the Hudson's Bay Company have been shortened to HBC. Finally, dates given for the establishment of forts refer to the first date when any fort existed at the location. After 1821, all forts listed were operated by the HBC. Alaxander / Alexander See Fort Alaxander / Fort Alexander. Asneboin, Frot See Frot Asneboin. Asneboin river The Assiniboine River flows into the Red River at the modem city of Winnipeg, Manitoba (Upper Fort Garry in Kane's day). It stretches 660 miles, flowing eastward across the prairies from southeastern Saskatchewan. Although a principal route onto the prairie, the Assiniboine did not fonn part of the transcontinental fur trade water route. Asneboins/ Asne boins The Assiniboine tribe, which received its name from an Ojibwa word for "boiling food by dropping heated rocks into containers of water, " had an original homeland around the Mississippi headwaters, but by the 1840s had long been settled northwestward, in the vicinity of Lake of the Woods and Lake Winnipeg. During the height of the fur trade, Assiniboine were noted for their pemmican production, and for their role as middlemen, trading European goods to the distant Plains tribes. In this way, their territory spread west, up the Saskatchewan, Assiniboine, Milk, and Missouri river Valleys . Their allies were the Cree, and their adversaries the Blackfoot, Gros Ventres, and Sioux (Dakota). Numbering as many as 10,000, they declined rapidly with the onset of European diseases such as smallpox. (Astoria), man with the tin box Kane here refers to Astorian John Reed, an Irish clerk in the Pacific Fur Company, which New York merchant John Jacob Astor founded in 1809. In 1810 he sent two expeditions, one by ship and one overland by boat, to establish a fur trade post at the mouth of the Columbia River (at modem Astoria, Oregon). Kane errs in claiming that Reed was shot at the Chutes on the Columbia River. Chinook did attack Reed, on the portage at the Dalles; they did so because, according to Washington Irving, "the unlucky tin box" in which Reed was carrying dispatches from Fort Astoria, at the mouth of the Columbia River, to Astor, in New York, "shining afar like the brilliant helmet of Euryalus, caught their eyes." On this occasion, Reed "received a blow on the head with a war club that laid him senseless [but not dead] on the ground. " The next year, in the summer of 1813, Reed was, in fact, slain by Indians. His death occurred at a dwelling he had built on the Snake River, upriver from its confluence with the Columbia. Athabasca, the river ie / Atbabaskia This is the southernmost headstream of the Mackenzie River and Arctic Ocean drain- 66 age system. Starting at the Columbia Icefield in Jasper National Park (on the British Columbia/ Alberta border), it flows northeast for 7(J) miles across the province of Alberta to Lake Athabasca. As a fur trade route, it provided access from the prairies to the Columbia River, via Athabasca Pass, on the extreme southwest boundary of the park. aux Chene See Point of Woods. Bareings river See Lake Winapeg. Barriere portage Kane portaged around the Barrier Falls on the Winnipeg River, 112 miles downstream from Lake of the Woods, on June 10, 1846, and August 9, 1848. The site today is mistakenly called Sturgeon Falls. Bateseis River Known in the fur trade period as the Baptiste River, today this tributary of the Athabasca River is called Berland River. Both names refer to an early trader, Baptiste Berland. The Berland enters the Athabasca from the north, about 130 miles downstream from where the Athabasca Pass trail brought the fur brigades to the Athabasca River. Belcour, Mr. George-Antoine Bellecourt (also Bellecours, Belcourt) ( 1803 -1874), a Roman Catholic priest and missionary from Lower Canada, started several missions in 1840, including the one at Wabassimong, on the Winnipeg River (today's White Dog, Ontario). The mission had failed by the time of Kane's return trip, principally because, like so many others, Bellecourt attempted to use agriculture and a policy of permanent residence to convert nomadic tribes to Christianity. big dog poartage This scenic portage led fur trade brigades from the Kaministikwia River to Big Dog or Great Dog Lake, and thence to the height of land between the Lake Superior and Lake Winnipeg (Hudson Bay) watersheds. The name derives from an Indian effigy of an oversized dog, which was located on the portage atop a 400-foot hill that overlooked the Kaministikwia River valley; hence Kane's description, "verry beautifull.' , Black feet / Blackfoot / Blackfeete Blackfoot are the smallest of the three tribes (Blood and Peigan are the others) of the Blackfoot Nation, and occupied hunting grounds north of the other two, in the Battle and Red Deer river valleys of modem central Alberta. Numbering between 2000 and 3000 in Kane's day, they were bison hunters and warriors, the principal enemies of the Cree and Assiniboine. boat-incampment/boat incumpment/Boat in campment/ Coumpmont de Barge Boat Encampment was established in 1811 by David Thompson, the North West Company explorer, fur trader, and cartographer. Located at the northernmost bend of the Columbia River (in modem British Columbia), it served for more than fifty years as the rendezvous for brigades coming up the Columbia from the Pacific by canoe. and those coming from the prairies through Guide
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Volume XXI • Number 2 • 1989
Page 3 and 4:
THE AMERICAN ART JOURNAL Published
Page 5 and 6:
I rite this part of my jurnal over
Page 7 and 8:
Paul Kane. CLACKAMAINDIANS, WILl.AM
Page 9 and 10:
ngman of North Dakota and outhem Ma
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Paul Kane. FALLS ON THE UPPER PELOU
Page 13 and 14:
PAUL KANE. c. 1859. Photograph. Col
Page 15 and 16: dently seen the e two books t thoug
Page 17 and 18: I 1--- MAP TO ILLUSTRATE M'- KAN E
Page 19 and 20: Paul Kane. ENCAMPMENT, WINNIPEG RIV
Page 21 and 22: still smoking after having erupted
Page 23 and 24: Paul Kane. PIN PORTAGE. May, 1846.
Page 25 and 26: miskitas and black flies verrey bad
Page 27 and 28: Paul Kane. METIS CAMP AND HUNTERS.
Page 29 and 30: Paul Kane. TWO PORTRAIT STUDIES: AN
Page 31 and 32: u vrry ciod and good mlUl I rcmaned
Page 33 and 34: t' Paul Kane. FORT EDMONTON. Septem
Page 35 and 36: Paul Kane. TO-MA-QUIN A ASCADE CHIE
Page 37 and 38: Paul Kane. MOUNT HOOD FROM FORT VAN
Page 39 and 40: Paul Kane. MOUNT ST. HELENS. March
Page 41 and 42: Paul Kane. SAW-SE-A, A COWICHAN CHI
Page 43 and 44: Paul Kane. RETURN OF A WAR PARTY. A
Page 45 and 46: ." Paul Kane. OLD COX, A SANDWICH I
Page 47 and 48: Paul Kane. LOWER FALLS ON THE PELOU
Page 49 and 50: Paul Kane. MISSION STATION OF WALKE
Page 51 and 52: Paul Kane. THE LITTLE DALLES. Octob
Page 53 and 54: cd7.l1·· . ... •: ~t.: .' . ~ .
Page 55 and 56: Paul Kane. CUN-NE-WA-BUM, ONE THAT
Page 57 and 58: Paul Kane. FRAN~OIS LUCIE, A CREE H
Page 59 and 60: for the first day by a Mr. Prude ne
Page 61 and 62: Paul Kane. BRIGADE OF BOATS. July 2
Page 63 and 64: Paul Kane. PETER JACOBS. WESLEY A
Page 65: farlle fairly lose loose; lose fe~t
Page 69 and 70: Coffin Rock Various Coast Salish tr
Page 71 and 72: Coulitz R. The Cowlitz River, a tri
Page 73 and 74: Ea MAP TO ILLUSTRATE in the TERR1TO
Page 75 and 76: Dam has transfonned this stretch of
Page 77 and 78: I • La hed (" Otter Head" in WA [
Page 79 and 80: his right hand. He was noted as the
Page 81 and 82: Paul Kane. NORWAY HOUSE. July or Au
Page 83 and 84: Winnipeg, to which it is connected
Page 85 and 86: George Simpson to open a trail from
Page 87 and 88: ·\ .. { Paul Kane. WHITE MUD PORTA
Page 89 and 90: Selected Bibliography The author wi
Page 91 and 92: Index Allan, George William, 8-9. 2
Page 93 and 94: Mayer, Frank BlackweD, 14,21n. Mear
Page 95: THE AMERICAN ART JOURNAL Published
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