Paul Kane's Journal of his Western Travels, 1846-1848 - History and ...

The channel is divided by a large i land, hence Kane's name
for it when he passed it on June I, 1846. On SepleI11ber 12,
1848, during his return nip. he chose to call lhe falls grand
Shute and the grand rapped.
Isle roy. Isle Royale, now part of .a national parte in lhe state of
Michigan, is lhe largest island in Lake Superior, standing
offshore from Thunder Bay and the fur trade posts of Grand
Portage and Fort William on the north shore, 165 miles nonheast
of Duluth, Minnesota.
Jaculxs, Mr Pahtahsega (Pautaussigae), also known as Peler
Jacobs ( 1807 - ) 890), was a Mississauga Ojibwa, not a "half
brede, .. who converted to Christianity early in his life. Shortly
after his conversion. he read from the New Testament in
English and Ojibwa at a meeting in New York of the Missionary
Society of lhe Melhodist Episcopal Church. Jacobs worked
at missions near Norway House and at Fort Alexander, traveling
to England in 1842 to be ordained. Returning to the West,
he was stationed, when Kane saw him, at Fort Frances. He
went to England again, in 1850, but without permission. and
was expelled by the Methodists in 1858 for soliciting funds
without church approval. Pahtahsega was one of the most
critical opponents of the HBC whom Kane met; the missionary's
chief complaints were the company's immoral practices
and way of life. Besides seeing him at Fort Frances, Kane,
according to WA (49), rode with him to Upper Fort Gany on
June 13, 1846.
~pers / jaspers House See gaspers.
jMpers Iake/.i-pers Lake Today's Bride Lake, a widening of
the Athabasca River at the eastern gate of Jasper National Park
in western Alberta. this lake is continually swepl by winds,
which often reach gale force, coming out of the mountains.
The lake is shallow, with many sand bars at the upriver end.
jochet, Father In 1843, Father Joseph Joset emigrated from
France to the West, where he spent his life as a missionary. He
worked out of Coeur d' Alene mission (see Cour de lane) on
the Spokane River.
King oftbe frencb Louis Philippe (1773- 1850), Ie Roi ciroyen,
was king of France from 1830 until 1848, when he abdicaled
and fled Paris.
Knew Caladonia New Caledonia was the HBC's name for its
fur trade district on the Pacific Slope north of the Columbia
district. Roughly speaking. this disuict covered the drainage
basin of the Fraser River, in the interior of modem British
Columbia.
Lack Ie PIue
See Raney Lake.
lake Atba"-ca Kane does not mean the large lake of this name
in northern Alberta, but another widening of the Athabasca
River, upriver of BrUle Lake but downriver of modem Jasper
Lake, where Jasper House was located. This stretch of river is
not conunonly regarded today as a lake, and bears no name of its
own; nor was the name, lake Athabasca~ retained in WA.
Lake de Booet Lac du Bonnet, a widening of the lower Wmnipeg
River, still exists, but has been much altered by hydroelectric
developments. It marks the beginning of the lower stretch of Ibis
river.
The American Art Journal! Volume XXI • Number 2
lake de Roch Rock Lake, a widening of the Pembina River east
of Twtle Mountain, is in modem southwestern anitoba.
Lake of they 1000 IsIancb Lac des Mille Lacs i lhe - 1803
fur trade route's first lake in the Lalce Winnipeg (Hudson Bay
watershed that brig headed w t reached afier crossing the
height of land from Lake Superior, Kaministilcwia River, and
Great Dog Lake. Beautifully tudded with i lands, its shores
touch the Trans-Canada Highway at the settJemem.of Savanne,
Ontario.
Lake of they Woods/Lake of the Woods A huge, complex
lake strnddling the modem Ontario/Minnesota border, this
lake, having Rainy Lake flowing into and Winnipeg River
flowing out of it on the fur trade route, caused voyagews
constant navigational complexities. They had 1.0 knife their
way through islands and grau the western tip of Aulneau
peninsula.
the lakes/the Lakes This nondescript identification refe t.o
Upper Arrow Lake and Lower Arrow Lake, natural widenings
of the Columbia River which account for almost eighty miles
of the river's length in the southern part of modem British
Columbia. Kane passed through them November 17-18,
1846, and again September 25-29, 1847.
Lake Winapeg Lake Winnipeg, the sixth largest in Canada and
second longest lraverse on the fur trade routes after Lake
Superi.or, is over 260 miles long, having both Wmnipeg and
Red rivers feeding it on the south, and taking in the waters of
me Saskatchewan River on the northwest. It dominates pres~
ent~y central Manitoba. Although unpossessed of Lake of
the Woods 's navigational complexities, it caused voyagews
endless anxiety because its extremely shallow waters (onJy ten
or twelve feet for much of its swface) produced steep-fronted,
choppy waves, not the long swells of mammoth Lake Superior.
Neither the canoe nor the Yoric:: boat (nor even the sloop that
Kane sailed on in July, 1846) handled with ease the tempests
that so often blew up suddenly on this great but shaUow lake.
Apart from the crossing of the southernmost part of the lake,
from the mouth of the Winnipeg (0 the moulh of the Red River,
on June 11 and 12, 1846, Kane made two entire travm;es ofme
lake: both involved Norway House, and they took him up and
d.own the east side of the lake, with traver.;es at the narrows,
and then across the top of me lake, from Norway House to the
mouth of the Saskatchewan River. Only a ingle island is
mentioned in the description of the trip by sloop in 1846.
(perhaps Kane was too busy acquiring his sea legs (0 make
other observations.)
On the 1848 return trip, Kane' s journal identifies the features
of the shoreline as follows: little island is al the neck
between Lake Winnipeg and Playgreen Lake; spder Islands lie
off the nonheastem shore; point de Tramble (tremble, Fr. for
"poplar' ') or papeler point is the name of the point where the
Poplar River flows into the lake on the east shore; Bareings
river is Berens River, which flows into the lake from the east at
about its middle; stwgun river, probably present-day Pigeon
River, is the next principal tributary on the east side as one
travels south, above rabbet point, wJtich begins the arrow ;
dogs hed, or the Narrows, is today's Bullhead, Manitoba on
the west shore, where the lake's girth dwindles to a mere two
and a half miles; Lune narrows (Loon Narrows), back on me
east shore, occurs where a narrows separates an island from a
prominent point twenty miles south of the Narrows; buffalo
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