Paul Kane's Journal of his Western Travels, 1846-1848 - History and ...

silence at The Pas, near which Franklin spent part of the
winter of 1819-1820 (in fact, at Cumberland House), during
his first Arctic expedition, by York boat and canoe.
frasher/Frasher /Frashur /Fraser, Colin See Fracher ...
French R. rapids On the most complex section of the fur trade
waterways, at the height of land between the Lake Superior
and Lake Winnipeg watersheds, these rapids seemed to
necessitate a portage on the route along Maligne River (see
River MaIane) between Lac des Mille Lacs (Kane's Lake of
they 1000 Islands) and Pickerel Lake, the latter in presentday
Quetico Provincial Park, on the Ontario/Minnesota
border.
Froshur, Paul Joining the North West Company in 1819, Paul
Fraser (1797 -1855) was made an HBC Chief Trader in 1844.
When Kane met him in 1848, he had the charge of the district
of Thompson River (west of the upper Columbia River and
east of the Fraser River), and likely was en route to York
Factory with the annual brigade of furs. Governor Simpson's
"Character Book" entry for him is brief and indifferent
(208).
Frot Asneboin Fort Assiniboine (est. 1824 as Athabasca River
House) was visited by Kane October 10, 1846, and November
29 to December I, 1847. This post was located on the
Athabasca River, at its nearest point (about 110 miles) to the
North Saskatchewan River, at the confluence of the Athabasca
and Freeman Creek. The trail from this post to Fort Edmonton
fonned part of the principal transcontinental transportation
route of the HBC.
garden Island In American territory, Garden Island lies in
Lake of the Woods between Big Island, Ontario (to the east),
and Northwest Angle State Forest (to the west), the stretch of
the lake's western shore that belongs to the state of Minnesota.
Its name derives from its being farmed, probably by
Saulteaux.
Garey See Fort Garey.
gMpers/G-..ers/';-pers/';-pers House Jasper House (est.
1799; moved 1811) was visited by Kane November 3-4,
1846, and November 6-14, 1847. Jasper Hawes was in charge
of the North West Company post on Brule Lake (a
widening of Athabasca River) in 1814. The site of the fort
was always downriver (east) of the site of the modem town
that retains his name, located in Jasper National Park, in
western Alberta. The fort's purpose was always that of a
station where boats were changed for horses by westbound
brigades about to cross Athabasca Pass, and vice versa for
brigades headed to Fort Edmonton.
Gentalmans wife See Haritt/Harett/H., Mr.
the Govemer See Simson, Sir George.
grand bature [Columbia River] This was a regular gravel bar
on the upper Columbia River, upriver of Upper and Lower
Arrow lakes, near the present-day town of Revelstoke,
British Columbia.
grand bature / Grand Bature [Whirlpool River, east of Committee
Punch Bowl] Grand Batture on the Whirlpool River
(whose valley the east side of the Athabasca Pass trail fol-
The American Art Journal/Volume XXI • Number 2
lowed) dominated the river at one point. Battures, the braided
gravel bars that frequently appear on mountain-fed rivers,
regularly divert this river as it descends from the height of
land.
Grand bature [Wood River, near Boat Encampment] Like the
Whirlpool River to the east of the Athabasca Pass, the Wood
River to the west was dominated by a series of braided gravel
bars.
Grand Bonet Like the fall of the Pransin Horses or silver fall,
this portage on the lower Winnipeg River, and the first and
second Bonet, are today submerged under the waters dammed
by hydroelectric projects.
Grand Coat See grond coat or big hill.
Grand Colay/Grand Coliee/Coulay The Grand Coulee,
northwest and downstream of Spokane, Washington, was a
fonner route of the Columbia River, but ages before the fur
trade era, the riverbed had fallen well below the floor of the
coulee, leaving it dry. Occupied today by a lake, a reservoir
behind Grand Coulee Dam (constr. 1942), in 1847 the coulee
exposed
to view the bases of the enormous rocky islands that now
stud its bottom, some of them rising to the elevation of the
surrounding country.
This wonderful gully is about 150 miles long, and
walled-in in many places with an unbroken length twenty
miles long of perpendicular basalt 1000 feet high. The
bottom of this valley is perfectly level, and covered with
luxuriant grass, except where broken by the immense rocks
above mentioned: there is not a single tree to be seen
throughout its whole extent, and scarcely a bush; neither
did we see any insects, reptiles, or animals. (WA [209])
Grand daDs
Part of, see the DaDs.
Grand Decharge The Grand Decharge was a portage of 300
paces. It marked the first carrying place on the Winnipeg
River for the downriver traveler, thirty-three miles north of
Lake of the Woods on the upper section of the river. Here
canoes were shot downstream or lined upstream, while their
contents were portaged; hence, discharge is a more accurate
name than portage for the work necessarily performed.
This carrying place was the first of five in a five-mile
stretch of river. The others' traditional names are: Terre
Jaune, Charette, Terre Blanche, and La Cave. Kane refers to
the first of these as Yallo Mud (where there is yellow rock).
The second he does not mention; the third he calls White Mud
(where white clay protrudes); and the fourth Grand de Equear
or Grand de Equsar. These last names seem to refer to Grand
Equierre, the name of a fur trade post no longer in use in
Kane's day. This post, however, was located downriver, not
upriver, of Lac du Bonnet.
Grand de Equear / Grand de Equsar See Grand Decharge.
Grand GuUete This was not a common name for any of the
portages, rapids, or falls on the Winnipeg River, but, given
its location in Kane's journal, seems to be one of the seven
portages on the Blanche River (see River Naloin), a whitewater
channel of the Winnipeg River, full of what Kane
called "beautiful cas caides" on June 10, 1846, eight miles
below Grand Rapid and above Lac du Bonnet. Seven Sisters
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