Paul Kane's Journal of his Western Travels, 1846-1848 - History and ...

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~ ~ ~ot:..a-.. ~ G~ _ \ 71' Paul Kane. CREE INDIAN. September 8-1 1.1846. Oil on paper. 12 1 /4 X 9 3 //'. Collection. Stark Museum of Art. Kane made this sketch at Fort Carlton. not Fort Edmonton. as the later inscription indicates. Kane's landscape and portrait log identifies his subject as "the man that shot the wolfwith an arow."
Coulitz R. The Cowlitz River, a tributary of the Columbia, flows from north to south, joining it fifty-five miles from the Pacific Ocean. It fonned the inland route from the Columbia River to Puget Sound. The name, from a tribal name of Salishan derivation, means "power," or "catching the spirit. " Coupmont de Barge. See boat-incampment. Cour de lane The Coeur d' Alene Roman Catholic mission was founded in 1843 (see jochet, Father) on the Spokane River in what is now the Idaho panhandle. A fort of the same name was situated on the Coeur d' Alene River. The Skitswish tribe came to be known by this French tenn ("heart of an awl") because one of its chiefs used it to describe the size of a fur trader's heart. Crack farm See garden island. Crey ICree/Creese Descriptive of a wide range of hunting groups speaking the Algonquian language, Cree inhabit, as they did in Kane's day, most areas of present-day Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba (Swampy Cree), Saskatchewan (Woods Cree and Swampy Cree), and Alberta (Woods Cree and Plains Cree). Kane came into contact with all three divisions and their dialects. The Plains Cree adapted successfully from woodland trappers to warriors and bison hunters, but were ruined by smallpox and the destruction of the bison herds. Cmtey , Mr. Alexander Christie ( 1792 -1872) joined the HBC in 1809, rising to Chief Factor and administrator before traveling on furlough in 1848, the year of Kane's return trip, to Scotland, where he retired in 1853. He served as Governor of Assiniboia in 1833-1839 and 1844-1848. During his second term, the time of Kane's visit to Red River, he was attempting to keep American free-traders from cutting into the HBC's monopoly on the lower Red River. Governor Simpson's "Character Book" describes him as "one of our best characters, an honourable, correct, upright good hearted man as can be found in any Country" (180). Columba/Columba/Columbia Originally the Rio de San Rock, in 1792 the Columbia River was explored by the American Captain Robert Gray, who named it for his ship. Most of its 1225 miles and 2700-foot drop to sea level were first paddled in 1811, by David Thompson's North West Company brigade. Although Thompson discovered it as the only practicable fur trade route to the Pacific, he met the Astorians (see Astoria) at the river's mouth, who had anticipated his arrival by some six weeks. Today, thirteen power dams have altered the river from its character in the midnineteenth century . Cumberland Cumberland House (est. 1774) was visited by Kane June 10, 1848. The first inland trading post of the HBC, named for Prince Rupert, Duke of Cumberland (1619-1687), Cumberland House was situated on Cumberland Lake, a few miles north of the Saskatchewan River, just west of the modem Manitoba/ Saskatchewan border. Cwnberland river Rowing southeast out of Cumberland Lake, this river noticeably increases the size of the Saskatchewan River where it enters it from the north, west of the modem Saskatchewan I Manitoba border. The Cumberland fonned 70 part of the fur trade route to the north, up the Sturgeon-weir and Churchill River, eventually taking the brigades to the Athabasca and Mackenzie river districts. daD de more I rapped of deth /DaD de More On the upper Columbia River, above modem Revelstoke, British Columbia, the Dalle de Mort takes its name from the incident fully related by Kane. the DaDs Not to be confused with those on the upper Columbia River, The Dalles of the lower Columbia (at present-day The Dalles, Oregon) were eight miles of rapids named from the French word for "flagstones." The meaning transfers from the use of such stone to line gutters. To the voyageurs, many rapids on the fur trade routes resembled such gutters, and the river's rock walls the sides of those gutters. The principal falls and rapids below The Dalles were the Little Dalles, about one mile long, and the Cascades. The head of The Dalles was the Great Falls at Celilo; then followed, in upstream order, Hell Gate Rapids (Kane's La Shute [see La Shute/Shutes/Shoots]) and John Day Rapids. It is uncertain when Kane passed these features during his downriver trip in 1846, but it is known that on his return in 1847 he was at the Cascades July 3-5, at Hell Gate/Chutes July 8-9, and at John Day Rapids July 10 (when WA describes the technique of "tracking" boats up a rapids [184] ). David Thompson, who descended and ascended the Columbia in the summer of 1811 , offered the following succinct description of The Dalles: These Dalles were ... steep high walls of Basalt Rock, with sudden sharp breaks in them, which were at right angles to the direction of the wall of the River, these breaks formed rude bays, under each point was a violent eddy, and each bay a powerful, dangerous, whirpool; these walls of Rock contract the River from eight hundred to one thousand yards in width to sixty yards, or less: imagination can hardly fonn an idea of the working of this immense body of water under such a compression, raging and hissing, as if alive. Days Incampment A camp on the Columbia River, ten miles upriver from Fort Colville. de gurlay, Frances No further infonnation has surfaced about this Metis. WA refers to him only as Kane's "guide" (64). de Merse/de Merce, Mr. Modeste Demers (1809-1871) had gone west from Lower Canada as a Roman Catholic missionary to Red River in 1837. In 1838, he continued on to Oregon, working with both voyageurs and Indians. After extensive work in the interior of present-day Washington and British Columbia, he was appointed bishop of Vancouver Island in 1'844. When he met Kane in 1848, Demers was on his way to France to raise funds and find missionaries suitable for work in a territory still with an almost entirely native population. de Shombo, Mr. George D'Eschambeau1t (1806- 1870) joined the HBC in 1819 and was the Chief Trader stationed atCwnberland House from 1847 to 1849. He did not distinguish himself in the service and never took command of an important post. In his "Character Book," Governor Simpson judged him "a well meaning, well disposed, heavy dull slovenly man, who is deficient in Education and can never be particularly useful. Under- Guide
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Volume XXI • Number 2 • 1989
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THE AMERICAN ART JOURNAL Published
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I rite this part of my jurnal over
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Paul Kane. CLACKAMAINDIANS, WILl.AM
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ngman of North Dakota and outhem Ma
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Paul Kane. FALLS ON THE UPPER PELOU
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PAUL KANE. c. 1859. Photograph. Col
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dently seen the e two books t thoug
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I 1--- MAP TO ILLUSTRATE M'- KAN E
Page 19 and 20: Paul Kane. ENCAMPMENT, WINNIPEG RIV
Page 21 and 22: still smoking after having erupted
Page 23 and 24: Paul Kane. PIN PORTAGE. May, 1846.
Page 25 and 26: miskitas and black flies verrey bad
Page 27 and 28: Paul Kane. METIS CAMP AND HUNTERS.
Page 29 and 30: Paul Kane. TWO PORTRAIT STUDIES: AN
Page 31 and 32: u vrry ciod and good mlUl I rcmaned
Page 33 and 34: t' Paul Kane. FORT EDMONTON. Septem
Page 35 and 36: Paul Kane. TO-MA-QUIN A ASCADE CHIE
Page 37 and 38: Paul Kane. MOUNT HOOD FROM FORT VAN
Page 39 and 40: Paul Kane. MOUNT ST. HELENS. March
Page 41 and 42: Paul Kane. SAW-SE-A, A COWICHAN CHI
Page 43 and 44: Paul Kane. RETURN OF A WAR PARTY. A
Page 45 and 46: ." Paul Kane. OLD COX, A SANDWICH I
Page 47 and 48: Paul Kane. LOWER FALLS ON THE PELOU
Page 49 and 50: Paul Kane. MISSION STATION OF WALKE
Page 51 and 52: Paul Kane. THE LITTLE DALLES. Octob
Page 53 and 54: cd7.l1·· . ... •: ~t.: .' . ~ .
Page 55 and 56: Paul Kane. CUN-NE-WA-BUM, ONE THAT
Page 57 and 58: Paul Kane. FRAN~OIS LUCIE, A CREE H
Page 59 and 60: for the first day by a Mr. Prude ne
Page 61 and 62: Paul Kane. BRIGADE OF BOATS. July 2
Page 63 and 64: Paul Kane. PETER JACOBS. WESLEY A
Page 65 and 66: farlle fairly lose loose; lose fe~t
Page 67 and 68: Guide to People and Places in Kane'
Page 69: Coffin Rock Various Coast Salish tr
Page 73 and 74: Ea MAP TO ILLUSTRATE in the TERR1TO
Page 75 and 76: Dam has transfonned this stretch of
Page 77 and 78: I • La hed (" Otter Head" in WA [
Page 79 and 80: his right hand. He was noted as the
Page 81 and 82: Paul Kane. NORWAY HOUSE. July or Au
Page 83 and 84: Winnipeg, to which it is connected
Page 85 and 86: George Simpson to open a trail from
Page 87 and 88: ·\ .. { Paul Kane. WHITE MUD PORTA
Page 89 and 90: Selected Bibliography The author wi
Page 91 and 92: Index Allan, George William, 8-9. 2
Page 93 and 94: Mayer, Frank BlackweD, 14,21n. Mear
Page 95: THE AMERICAN ART JOURNAL Published
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