Paul Kane's Journal of his Western Travels, 1846-1848 - History and ...

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the date wilen Kane hears the story, or 1859, the date of the book's publication, is uncertain. MCMillan was in the Colwnbia Department as a North West Company tradelj after the merger of 1821, he remained there until .825, when he was posted to Fort Assiniboine, on the Athabasca River. He did no( return to the Columbia district after that time. McTavBb, Mr. William Mactavish (1815 - 1870) was to become the most storied of the fur trade factors whom Kane met. In 1848, Mactavish, who had apprenticed with the HBC in 1833, and who had spent every year since then at York Factory, was moving to Sault Sainte Marie; hence his trip wirh Kane. Until 1858, Mactavish enjoyed a fine career as a factor and Cbief Trader. Once he was forced into an administrative role as Governor of Assiniboia (Red River), however, he took on a complexity of l"eS(X>mibilities which he never mastered. In 1869- 1870, suffering from wberculosis, no doubt brought on in part by all those years spent in York Factory's "dismal . .. climate and country" (WA (321)), he was imprisoned by Louis Riel's Metis provisional government. Released in the spring, he sailed to England but died two days after reaching Liverpool. the Majer/the Mager See McKimey, Mr I the Majer /tbe Mager. Manson, Mr Donald Chief Trader Donald Manson (1796- 1880) joined the HBC in 1817. An energetic, active personality, Manson manned, at one time or another, nearly all the remote HBC posts in inland and coastal New Caledonia (northern British Columbia) district. In his "Character Book, "Governor Simpson estimated him as a "stout strong active Man well adapted for Opposition, exploring Service or any other duty requiring strength and activity. Qualified for the charge of a Post and has influence both with Indians and Servants, but deficient in Education and cannOl be left to the exercise of his own judgement in any matter requiring head work" (221). In 1857, he retired to the Willamerte River valley, taking up farming. In early July, 1847, when Kane traveled with him from Fort Vancouver up the Columbia to Fort Walla Walla, Manson was en route to Fort St. James, Stuart Lake. The site in northern inland British Columbia is a town today, bearing the same name. Mary Dare The HBC pW'Chased this 149-ton brigantine in 1846. It arrived at Fort Victoria on May 23, 1847, under the command of James Allen Scarborough, and served for seven years in a triangular route, from Victoria to the Sandwich Islands and back to Fort Vancouver. The HBC sold the Mary Dare in 1854. Maioo, Mr William Mason (d. 1891) was a missionary in the West from the 18305, when he received his appointment from the Wesleyan Methodist Omrch. Posted to Rainy Lake in 1840, he was at Rossville Mission (on Playgreen Lake, near Norway House) for eleven years, 1843-1854. Kane mel him there. Like most missionaries of the time, be worked not only as a priest, but also as a translator, intetprerer, and teacher. Although Mason is sometimes credited with a ttanslation of the Bible into Cree, the work seems to have been undertaken largely by his wife, Sophia Thomas Mason, who also found the time to bear him nine The American Art Journal/Volume XXI • Number 2 children. In 1854, Mason left me Methodist OlUrch, taking up an appoinbTlent with the Omrch of England at York Factory. Meayet5 Rock Roche Miette, a inguJar fial cliff face 7(JX) feet high, remains a landmark today because the YeUowhead Highway passes at its foot. It is located beside the Athabasca River, between Jasper and Bnile lakes, east of the Jasper townsite. It is named for me reason given by Kane. MetbedS JUbon of Mr Wacker and EaIes/ Mr. Walkers and EaIls mBhon See EaIes/EaIk. Mill Fort Vancouver had put both a Hour mill and a saw mill into operation by 1828. MOIltnJse/montrauslmootrous The identity of this person is uncertain. WA calls him "M'Gillveray" (lOl, 103). See also Lefrombeys. Moodey t Ca~ See Comuble. the Mountain HOIIS Rocky MOWltain House (est. 1799) was visited by Kane from April 21 until early May, 1848. It lies on the North Saskarchewan River, approximately 165 miles upriver of Edmonton, at the edge of the foothills of the Rockies. Kane made his hip to it overland by horse. The HBC first located a post there in 1835. MounteD falls Better known as Kakabelca Falls (the portage around them was called the Mountain Portage), these falls of 120 feet occur thirty-six miles upriver from Lake Superior on the Kaministikwia River. Mount sL Hellam A 9600-foot-high volcanic mountain north of the Columbia River and west of the Cowlitz River in Washington state, Mount St. Helens can be seen from a point eighty miles out at sea. It was seen and named in 1792 by the British explorer, Cap(ain George Vancouver. He named it in honor of Baron St. Helens (1753-1839), who conducted British negotiations with Spain regaroing possession of the Pacific Northwest coast of North America. Kane wanted to climb it but could find no willing participants or guide. It was first climbed six years later, in 1853. Mr. a ~hanery See Jacuhes, Mr. Muck-e-IOO/pouder /Tbe Powder This Cree chief, whom Kane met near Fort Pitt on September 15. 1846, and at Fort Pitt in late January, 1848, is well identified by Kane as the aide-decamp of Caw-ke-leis suw-k-way. musk..e-gaw A tribe of the Swampy Cree, the Mas-ka-gan (the name derives, as does the name Muskeg, from the Algonquian word for •• grassy bog' ') were the Indians that the Reverend William Mason ministered to at Rossville Mission, near Norway House. WA judges them harshly, as the journal does not "they are decidedly the dirtiest Indians I have met with, and the less that is said about their morality the better" (71). The sketches that Kane mentions having made of this tribe have not been located. Nasqualy /N~uuly See nesqualey. 79
Paul Kane. NORWAY HOUSE. July or August. 1846. Oil on paper. 8x /3". Collection. Stark Museum of Art. Nepersey This is Kane's spelling of the French words Nez Perces which were used to identify the tribe Nez Perces. Given that Kane rode from Fort Walla Walla, on the Walla Walla River, overland to the Tuchci/Tushciy (Touchet) River and on again thirty miles to the Nepersey, which he had to cross to see the Palouse River valley and to recross to go to the Whitmans' mission, and given that WA describes the "Nezperees" River as being "250 yards wide ... at the mouth of Palouse River" (191), the journal's Nepersey is a misnomer for the Snake (once the Lewis) River, the foremost tributary of the Columbia River. It joins the Columbia at modem Pasco, Washington, at the lower great bend, where the Columbia makes its final dramatic change of direction toward the Pacific Ocean. nesqualey /N~ualy /N~uuly/Nesqualy Fort Nisqually (est. 1833) was visited by Kane April 7 and June 15, 1847. In 1841, Captain Charles Wilkes (see WiIk's party, Capt) described this fort, located at the southeastern end of Puget Sound, near the site of modem Nisqually, Washington, as being "constructed of pickets, enclosing a space about two hundred feet square, with four comer bastions. Within this enclosure are the agents' stores, and about half a dozen houses, built of logs, and roofed with bark." By 1847, it had been transformed mainly into a fann, operated by the Puget Sound 80 Agricultural Company, a company formed by the HBC but distinct from it. By 1847, the farm had 6000 sheep and 2000 cattle; it was successfully exporting wool to Russia, Hawaii, and England (WA [142]). Nesqualy Chief In his landscape and portrait log, Kane names this chief Lach-o-let and calls the Nisqually "the largest Indians I have met with ... WA speUs his name "Lach-oh-Iett" (143). Norway House Norway House (est. 1814) was visited by Kane July II to August 13, 1846, and July 18-23, 1848. Originally on Lake Winnipeg, in 1826 this post was moved to the site visited by Kane, on Playgreen Lake, at the northeastern outlet of Lake Winnipeg. Its name derives from the Norwegian axmen who were hired to open land communications to York Factory and Hudson Bay. The post served as the divisional point for goods coming up from Hudson Bay and destined for inland posts to the west, south, and north. As well, the company's famous York boats were built at this point. Other distinctions include the fact that the Northern Council of the HBC met annually at this post, as Kane observes on July 18, 1848; Sir George Simpson had a residence there and presided at the meetings; the Reverend J. Evans invented Cree syUabic Guide
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Volume XXI • Number 2 • 1989
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THE AMERICAN ART JOURNAL Published
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I rite this part of my jurnal over
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Paul Kane. CLACKAMAINDIANS, WILl.AM
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ngman of North Dakota and outhem Ma
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Paul Kane. FALLS ON THE UPPER PELOU
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PAUL KANE. c. 1859. Photograph. Col
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dently seen the e two books t thoug
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I 1--- MAP TO ILLUSTRATE M'- KAN E
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Paul Kane. ENCAMPMENT, WINNIPEG RIV
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still smoking after having erupted
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Paul Kane. PIN PORTAGE. May, 1846.
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miskitas and black flies verrey bad
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Paul Kane. METIS CAMP AND HUNTERS.
Page 29 and 30: Paul Kane. TWO PORTRAIT STUDIES: AN
Page 31 and 32: u vrry ciod and good mlUl I rcmaned
Page 33 and 34: t' Paul Kane. FORT EDMONTON. Septem
Page 35 and 36: Paul Kane. TO-MA-QUIN A ASCADE CHIE
Page 37 and 38: Paul Kane. MOUNT HOOD FROM FORT VAN
Page 39 and 40: Paul Kane. MOUNT ST. HELENS. March
Page 41 and 42: Paul Kane. SAW-SE-A, A COWICHAN CHI
Page 43 and 44: Paul Kane. RETURN OF A WAR PARTY. A
Page 45 and 46: ." Paul Kane. OLD COX, A SANDWICH I
Page 47 and 48: Paul Kane. LOWER FALLS ON THE PELOU
Page 49 and 50: Paul Kane. MISSION STATION OF WALKE
Page 51 and 52: Paul Kane. THE LITTLE DALLES. Octob
Page 53 and 54: cd7.l1·· . ... •: ~t.: .' . ~ .
Page 55 and 56: Paul Kane. CUN-NE-WA-BUM, ONE THAT
Page 57 and 58: Paul Kane. FRAN~OIS LUCIE, A CREE H
Page 59 and 60: for the first day by a Mr. Prude ne
Page 61 and 62: Paul Kane. BRIGADE OF BOATS. July 2
Page 63 and 64: Paul Kane. PETER JACOBS. WESLEY A
Page 65 and 66: farlle fairly lose loose; lose fe~t
Page 67 and 68: Guide to People and Places in Kane'
Page 69 and 70: Coffin Rock Various Coast Salish tr
Page 71 and 72: Coulitz R. The Cowlitz River, a tri
Page 73 and 74: Ea MAP TO ILLUSTRATE in the TERR1TO
Page 75 and 76: Dam has transfonned this stretch of
Page 77 and 78: I • La hed (" Otter Head" in WA [
Page 79: his right hand. He was noted as the
Page 83 and 84: Winnipeg, to which it is connected
Page 85 and 86: George Simpson to open a trail from
Page 87 and 88: ·\ .. { Paul Kane. WHITE MUD PORTA
Page 89 and 90: Selected Bibliography The author wi
Page 91 and 92: Index Allan, George William, 8-9. 2
Page 93 and 94: Mayer, Frank BlackweD, 14,21n. Mear
Page 95: THE AMERICAN ART JOURNAL Published
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