Peace and Security Review, Vol.1 No. 2 - International Centre for ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

110 Peace and Security Review Vol.1, No.2, Second Quarter, 2008 The second level of analysis on terrorism is the operational level. This refers to both the organized groups, such as Al-Qaeda, Hamas, JI and others, but also the response to these groups. The response community is doing exceptionally well in this area. Organized groups are finding there operational environment heavily restricted. The aviation environment has had some equal success. Through a commitment to a multi-layered through such step as increase access control, air marshals, and locked cockpit doors are positive basic steps. But the international community needs to take a more active role in the critical area of standards and information sharing. Operational • International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) needs to establish basic standards for such items as cargo screening, document security and other in-flight issues. • The ICAO needs to have enforcement power, which can and should include economic incentives for meeting required standards and recommended practices. • The ICAO and International Air Transport Association (IATA) should establish Joint Systems Integration Command (JSIC). The international community is attempting to address the first issue, but there are powerful domestic forces at are hindering these efforts. There are, for example, technology requirements for screening systems that are designed not to enhance security, but to protect domestic manufactures for competition. This is understandable but not acceptable. ICAO member states can currently opt out of security requirements by simply informing the ICAO that it is doing it, but it is not required to disclose which or how many requirements it is not following, how long it intends to be out of compliance, and if it has any intentions to regain its former status. One way to provide enforcement is to work with the insurance industry to have adjustable rates for carriers and airports who are in various levels of compliance. One can look at other funding areas such as infrastructure bonds as well. As mentioned through out this paper, the best way to defeat an asymmetric opponent is through information sharing. The international aviation community can provide an example through merging the efforts of the ICAO and IATA in creating a Joint Security and Intelligence Center. This can leverage the laudable security efforts of both organizations with a central repository for the collection of information relating to terrorist and criminal interference with civil aviation. This will offer the ability for the industry to Vol.1, No.2 2008 pp.95-114
Dr. Harrison Aviation Security 111 have both a tactical and strategic analysis capability addressing industry specific needs. The final level of analysis is the tactical level. This is dealing with the increasing threat presented by the self-organized, self-radicalized and selfoperationalized cells, illustrated by the recent plots against Fort Dix and JFK. The general record against this threat is mixed. There are far more of these cells so the threat is greater, but the risk thy pose is substantially less, as they are more limited in their access to funding and training so there skills are reduced. They are thus more likely to conduct London or Madrid style operations rather than 9/11. They still pose a potential threat to aviation as it is relative simple to hijack an aircraft and a bit more complicated to introduce an explosive device. As this is the emerging trend the industry can use the space to address existing weakness and develop a coherent proactive strategy to deal with current and emerging threats. Tactical • Develop and implement a more coherent tactical response. • Regular and realistic training is required. • Assist in developing economically viable responses across the system. The two critical elements in the first recommendation are staff and training. The industry must be involved again in its own security. This may require in put in recruiting and training the proper staff. It also requires all staff in the industry to recognize their role in security and that they are empowered to act on their concerns. Staff must understand their operational environment and what aspect can easily be turned into a defensive tool in the event of an incident. For example, if there is an attempt to hijack an aircraft the cabin crew must recognize that they have a non-lethal weapon readily available to disrupt an attacker. Coffee, ideally hot. Armed guards and self-defense are useful, but unless there are going to be regular sessions in the gym the likely hood of a martial arts approach working is limited. Using coffee or the food cart is much more effective in disruption of an operation. The above illustrates why training is important. The understanding of how an event will take place and how to respond is not intuitive, but can be learned. It is believed that the first 5 to 7 seconds in a hostage or other type of attack is the most critical. Hoe one responds may determine the outcome for both the individual and all involved. Any security program must be economically viable. This seems to be common sense, but to frequently it is not. As can be illustrated with the debate over the protection against MANPADS, the economic cost is prohibitive Vol.1, No.2 2008 pp.95-114
Page 1 and 2:
ii Peace and Security Review Vol.1,
Page 4 and 5:
Editor’s Note v Peace and Securit
Page 6 and 7:
Summaries vii Peace and Security Re
Page 8 and 9:
Summaries ix problems for intra-reg
Page 10 and 11:
2 Peace and Security Review Vol.1,
Page 12 and 13:
Page 14 and 15:
Page 16 and 17:
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
S. Mahmud Ali Post-Cold War Great P
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67: 60 Peace and Security Review Vol.1,
Page 106 and 107: 100 Peace and Security Review Vol.1
Page 118: 112 Peace and Security Review Vol.1
show all

Peace and Security Review, Vol.1 No. 2 - International Centre for ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?