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Summaries ix problems for intra-regional relationship. Most states in South Asia unlike India have not been able to overcome the weight of colonially inherited systems and remain economically backward. This asymmetry has allowed South Asia to acquire a centre-periphery pattern whereby the structural division of wealth and labour has gained a relation of dependency. Asymmetry also manifests in the governance of South Asian countries. A regime with open and liberal economy is crucial in curbing out a strong independent region yet, most South Asian states apart from India lack bourgeoisie hegemony and remains politically vulnerable to non-democratic and dictatorial rule. It however seems paradoxical that despite deep asymmetry no hegemonic power has come to exist in South Asia. This has significantly obstructed the possibility of initiating and maintaining economic and political institutions, designed to deliver collective good. The prospect of regionalisation in the longer term is however not too gloomy. One example of liberal pragmatism is the South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) signed in Islamabad at the 12 th summit meeting in 2004 and the paper argues that the implementation of the Free Trade Agreement will help overcome the non-tariff barriers, potentially bringing positive changes in areas of trade, finance and indeed regionalisation. Aviation Security: The South Asian Perspective Geoff Harrison The age of modern international terrorism began on 12 th July 1968 with the hijacking of El Al Flight form Rome. It could be argued that one of the earliest events of global jihadi terrorism was the 1994 hijacking of Air France Flight with the intention of using it in a suicide attack against Paris. The most dramatic terrorist attack in history was the aviation attacks conducted by Al-Qaeda on 11 th September 2001. One can trace the development of terrorism as a phenomenon and its tactical development through studying their interaction with international civil aviation. Even as terrorism moves through its organizational evolution, from highly structured organizations to the self generated and operationalized cells, such as those that planed to attack Fort Dix in New Jersey and the plot against JFK, their focus remains on aviation. The paper provides a fresh insight into an ever important dimension of security. Whilst the attacks of September 11 th may have brought to the fore, the importance of ensuring aviation security, debate on the topic has lingered since the 1960’s. The article provides a sailable method to better evaluate the operational environment faced by civil aviation industry. Through examining the evolution of the threat environment and applying a risk based approach to evaluating the impact on the system, the article provides a rigorous view of the challenges to avian security and posits useful and realistic solutions for threat reduction. Vol. 1, No. 1 2008 pp. i-vi
Gunaratna & Bukhari Making Peace with Pakistani Taliban to Isolate Al-Qaeda 1 Peace and Security Review Vol.1, No.2, Second Quarter, 2008, pp.1-25 Making Peace with Pakistani Taliban to Isolate Al-Qaeda: Successes and Failures Rohan Gunaratna and Syed Adnan Ali Shah Bukhari * I. INTRODUCTION T he Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan has become the epicentre of international terrorism in recent years. Located along the 2,400 km long rugged border separating Afghanistan and Pakistan, FATA has provided Al-Qaeda, the most hunted terrorist group in the world, with a robust and resilient sanctuary. According to the US Department of State’s Country Reports on Terrorism 2007 released on 30 April 2008, FATA has provided Al-Qaeda’s leadership with “greater mobility and ability to conduct training and operation planning, particularly that targeting Western Europe and the United States.” 1 Similarly, the EUROPOL’s Annual “Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2008” released on 28 April 2008 describes FATA as the “command and control centre” for Al-Qaeda’s “remaining core leadership” planning attacks in the EU. According to the report, the foiled plot in Germany, related to Islamic Jihad Union based in the tribal areas and recent cases in UK and Denmark * Dr. Rohan K. Gunaratna is the Head of the International Centre for Political Violence and Terrorism Research at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. The author of “Inside Al-Qaeda: Global Network of Terror”, Gunaratna has debriefed high value detainees, including some in Iraq. Syed Adnan Ali Shah Bukhari is an Associate Research Fellow at the International Centre for Political Violence and Terrorism Research at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. The author is a resident of Peshawar, North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan and specialises in local and foreign militant groups in Afghanistan and Pakistan, especially in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas. The author has conducted field research in Pakistan and Afghanistan as well. He can be reached on isadnan@ntu.edu.sg. 1 Chapter 5: Terrorist Safe Havens: Strategies, Tactics, Tools for Disrupting or Eliminating Safe Havens, Country Report on Terrorism 2007, US Department of State, http://www.state.gov/ s/ct/rls/crt/2007/ Vol.1, No.2 2008 pp.1-25
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