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WORLD ENERGY [R]EVOLUTION<br />

A SUSTAINABLE ENERGY OUTLOOK<br />

10<br />

glossary & appendix | GLOSSARY<br />

glossary of commonly used terms<br />

and abbreviations<br />

CHP<br />

CO2<br />

GDP<br />

PPP<br />

IEA<br />

J<br />

kJ<br />

MJ<br />

GJ<br />

PJ<br />

EJ<br />

W<br />

kW<br />

MW<br />

GW<br />

kWh<br />

t/Gt<br />

Combined Heat and Power<br />

Carbon dioxide, <strong>the</strong> main greenhouse gas<br />

Gross Domestic Product (means of assessing a country’s wealth)<br />

Purchasing Power Parity (adjustment to GDP assessment<br />

to reflect comparable standard of living)<br />

International Energy Agency<br />

Joule, a measure of <strong>energy</strong>:<br />

= 1,000 Joules,<br />

= 1 million Joules,<br />

= 1 billion Joules,<br />

= 10 15 Joules,<br />

= 10 18 Joules<br />

Watt, measure of electrical capacity:<br />

= 1,000 watts,<br />

= 1 million watts,<br />

= 1 billion watts<br />

Kilowatt-hour, measure of electrical output:<br />

TWh = 10 12 watt-hours<br />

Tonnes, measure of weight:<br />

Gt = 1 billion tonnes<br />

conversion factors - fossil fuels<br />

FUEL<br />

Coal<br />

Lignite<br />

Oil<br />

Gas<br />

23.03<br />

8.45<br />

6.12<br />

38000.00<br />

MJ/t<br />

MJ/t<br />

GJ/barrel<br />

kJ/m 3<br />

1 cubic<br />

1 barrel<br />

1 US gallon<br />

1 UK gallon<br />

conversion factors - different <strong>energy</strong> units<br />

TO: TJ Gcal<br />

FROM<br />

MULTIPLY BY<br />

TJ<br />

Gcal<br />

Mtoe<br />

Mbtu<br />

GWh<br />

1<br />

4.1868 x 10 -3<br />

4.1868 x 10 4<br />

1.0551 x 10 -3<br />

3.6<br />

238.8<br />

1<br />

10 7<br />

0.252<br />

860<br />

Mtoe<br />

2.388 x 10 -5<br />

10 (-7)<br />

1<br />

2.52 x 10 -8<br />

8.6 x 10 -5<br />

Mbtu<br />

947.8<br />

3.968<br />

3968 x 10 7 1<br />

3412<br />

0.0283 m 3<br />

159 liter<br />

3.785 liter<br />

4.546 liter<br />

GWh<br />

0.2778<br />

1.163 x 10 -3<br />

11630<br />

2.931 x 10 -4 1<br />

106

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