[en]+[zh]Study on Forest Landscape Restoration - ITTO

2 Previous works
2. 1 <strong>Study</strong> of FLR implem<strong>en</strong>tation
The implem<strong>en</strong>tation of FLR at national level was started from the "Ngitili
( woodland important to local livelihoods)" restoration in Shinyanga, northern
Tanzania since 1985. By the year 2000, over 350 ,000 ha of Ngitili have be<strong>en</strong>
restored in the 833 villages of the region in a period of 15 years, human wellbeing
has be<strong>en</strong> significantly improved from aspects of per capita income and
forest products output, etc (Barrow et aI, 2002). As an example of forest
landscape restoration, Shinyanga may not be a textbook case. It certainly predates
the term FLR and has its origins in soil conservation rather than landscape
restoration. However, it quickly evolved away from traditional forestry
practice to the wider restoration of forest goods and services - and it illustrates
perfectly the c<strong>en</strong>tral aim of FLR to restore landscape integrity while also
<strong>en</strong>hancing human well-being (Monela et al, 2005). At the same time, K<strong>en</strong>ya,
Uganda, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand also began the reconstruction
of degraded forest landscapes (Gilmour D A et al, 2000).
Under the impetus of mCN, WWF, ITTO, FAO and other international
organizations, many countries and regions are actively <strong>en</strong>gaged in the implem<strong>en</strong>tation
of forest landscape restoration, and many successful cases of FLR
have be<strong>en</strong> emerged ( mCN , 2005 a; Thomas PT, 2005) . Working examples
from 5 ecoregions supported by WWF are: protection and restoration of the
flood plain forests of the Bulgarian Danube Islands, restoring panda landscapes
in China, protecting and restoring habitat along the Kinabatangan River in
Malaysia, increasing the ext<strong>en</strong>t and quality of Brazil' s fragm<strong>en</strong>ted Atlantic
forest, protecting and restoring the dry tropical forests in New Caledonia
(Ecott T, 2002). Degraded hillsides in the Middle Hills of Nepal have be<strong>en</strong>
restored by natural reg<strong>en</strong>eration under mono culture plantation (Lamb D,
2003). Ecological integrity and human well-being at a landscape scale have
be<strong>en</strong> <strong>en</strong>hanced in Indonesia. Meanwhile, c<strong>en</strong>tral and western Finland, the