[en]+[zh]Study on Forest Landscape Restoration - ITTO

5 Systematic approach to FLR 185
5. 5. 1 Analyzing and predicting of forest dynamics
The overall landscape structure and dynamics were shown by analysis of landscape
indices and RS images. Class Area (CA), Area Perc<strong>en</strong>tage
(PLAND) , Patch Number (NP) were selected to describe the changes in the
structure of the landscape elem<strong>en</strong>ts, Patch D<strong>en</strong>sity (PD) and Edge D<strong>en</strong>sity
( ED) for changes on heterog<strong>en</strong>eity of landscape elem<strong>en</strong>t types, and the area,
total number of patches, Patch D<strong>en</strong>sity (PD), Edge D<strong>en</strong>sity (ED), Landscape
Diversity Index (SDI) , the Ev<strong>en</strong>ness Index (SEI) and the Dominance
Index (D) for changes on overall landscape characteristics. Landscape dynamics
at community level can be analysis from changes on both landscape elem<strong>en</strong>t
types (that is the composition of differ<strong>en</strong>t landscape elem<strong>en</strong>t types such
as forest lands, agricultural lands or resid<strong>en</strong>tial quarters) and individual landscape
elem<strong>en</strong>t (such as the conversion to agricultural lands from forest land).
Markov Model can be used to predict landscape dynamics both at region level
and at community level. Supported by GIS tools, differ<strong>en</strong>t periods of landscape
mosaic maps were overlaid to get unchanged area of each types and the
area converted to other types. Transition probability matrix was constructed u­
sing the ratio of area to the original area of landscape elem<strong>en</strong>t types.
5. 5. 2 Analyzing driving forces of landscape dynamics
The dominant forces responsible for changes on forest landscape both at region
level and at community level can be id<strong>en</strong>tified using transition probability matrix
and the participatory approach. The source of changes on each landscape
elem<strong>en</strong>t types can be id<strong>en</strong>tified by analyzing the transition probability matrix,
for example, the decrease of area of degraded primary forest would be caused
by the conversion from this type to secondary forest, but the driving forces for
this conversion can not be obtained by transition probability matrix.
Therefore, the dominant forces responsible for changes on forest landscape
both at region level and at community level should be id<strong>en</strong>tified by participatory
methods, such as semi-structured interviews, matrix, brainstorming,
etc. to communicate and discuss with stakeholders based on analysis of transition
probability matrix, combing interview with inhabitants in differ<strong>en</strong>t areas,
field investigation and look up relevant docum<strong>en</strong>ts, as well as make use of existing
data on resources, <strong>en</strong>vironm<strong>en</strong>t and socio-economic, especially policies
and regulations on forest use and <strong>en</strong>vironm<strong>en</strong>tal protection.