[en]+[zh]Study on Forest Landscape Restoration - ITTO

176 <strong>Study</strong> on Forest Landscape Restoration
measuration characteristics were inv<strong>en</strong>toried combining community characteristics
inv<strong>en</strong>tory (M<strong>en</strong>g X Y, 1996).
4.2.5.2 Species diversity
Species Richness, Species Diversity Index, Species Ev<strong>en</strong>ness and Ecological
Dominance Index were chos<strong>en</strong> to measure species diversity. Species Richness
( R) is the number of species that is the species richness communities (S).
Use Shannon-Wi<strong>en</strong>er index (SW) to express the Species Diversity Index,
Shannon-Wi<strong>en</strong>er ev<strong>en</strong>ness to express the Species Ev<strong>en</strong>ness (E), Simpson
dominance index for Ecological Dominance (ED) (W ang B S et aI, 1996).
The formulas are as follows:
s
SW = L Pj • 10g2 Pj = 3. 3219(lgN - L nj ·lgn/N) (4.3)
i=l
i=l
E = SW/log2S (4.4)
s
ED = L nj (nj - 1) I ( N (N - 1) ) (4.5)
i=l
SW is Shannon -Wi<strong>en</strong>er index, S is the number of species, n i is the number
of species i, N the total number of individuals of the community (plot) ,
Pi is the perc<strong>en</strong>tage of the number of species i in the total number of species,
E is Species Ev<strong>en</strong>ness, ED is Simpson Ecological Dominance.
4. 2. 6 PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal)
PRA tools such as Direct Observation, Community Workshop, Semi -structured
Interview, Group Discussion (the poor, the wom<strong>en</strong>, etc. ), Participatory
Mapping, Seasonal Cal<strong>en</strong>dar, Matrix and Ranking, and Problem Tree were
used in the study.
s