[en]+[zh]Study on Forest Landscape Restoration - ITTO

238 <strong>Study</strong> on Forest Landscape Restoration
lishing live f<strong>en</strong>ce and avoiding human disturbances as much as possible. Individual
owned secondary forest, such as community Aporosa chin<strong>en</strong>sis and community
Trema tom<strong>en</strong>tosa, having important timber production species such as
Trema tom<strong>en</strong>tosa and species like Dolichandrone cauda-felina which can be
used for afforestation, but lack of valuable native species, should take managem<strong>en</strong>t
strategies of protection and <strong>en</strong>richm<strong>en</strong>t planting to improve ecological
integrity and community b<strong>en</strong>efits by using existing tree seedlings and saplings
for protective restoration, together with planting of valuable native species to
restore forest communities with trees of high commercial values.
Species selection is the basis for forest restoration. It is crucial to select
species of economic, ecological or social interest for the success of <strong>en</strong>richm<strong>en</strong>t
planting. Selecting species to be planted needs to consult local villagers.
Ranking of favorite tree species was defined by the process of public participation:
Dalbergia odorifera, Aquilaria sin<strong>en</strong>sis and Acacia mangium, etc. So
Dalbergia odorifera and Aquilaria sin<strong>en</strong>sis were selected as species to be planted
in the demonstration area because they are valuable native species. The
two most common <strong>en</strong>richm<strong>en</strong>t planting options are line plantings and gap
plantings. The choice of method dep<strong>en</strong>ds primarily on the condition of the forest
stand, the restoration objective and the species used. The gap planting
method is g<strong>en</strong>erally recomm<strong>en</strong>ded in degraded, over-logged forests while line
planting is more suitable if the surrounding trees in the stand are small (less
than 10 cm diameter at breast height).
The biggest conflict for restoration of collective owned forest is to avoid
the disturbances caused by plantation expanding. Individual family could not
be negotiatedfor the implem<strong>en</strong>tation of restoration interv<strong>en</strong>tions, e. g. the species
selection, but should be made understanding of the ecological function of
this type of forest and thereby abide by the "logging ban" requirem<strong>en</strong>t. The
biggest conflict for restoration of individual owned secondary forest is to protect
or develop this type of forest to planted economic forest. Local villagers are
the decision makers for this conflict, which means the secondary forest is facing
human interv<strong>en</strong>tions of converting to other uses all the time. Therefore,
forest owners should be consulted about specific restoration activities such as
tree species selection. It is a principle to select acceptable native species to
balance economic b<strong>en</strong>efit and ecological services, that is to meet the "double