[en]+[zh]Study on Forest Landscape Restoration - ITTO

11 Conclusions and recomm<strong>en</strong>dations 257
structure, function and productivity of ecosystem by allowing natural reg<strong>en</strong>eration
and succession. Protection and <strong>en</strong>richm<strong>en</strong>t planting are the managem<strong>en</strong>t
strategies for secondary forest. Protective" decompression" is the main strategy
for collective-owned secondary forest while <strong>en</strong>richm<strong>en</strong>t planting combined
with protection is the suitable strategy for individual-owned secondary forest.
Species for <strong>en</strong>richm<strong>en</strong>t planting should be valuable native trees, such as Dalbergia
odorifera, Hopea exalata. The rehabilitation strategy for degraded forest
land focuses primarily on tree-planting. Meanwhile, residual tree seedlings
should be protected as much as possible. Planting live gre<strong>en</strong> f<strong>en</strong>ce is one of
the effective measures for protection of degraded and secondary forests.
11. 2 Recomm<strong>en</strong>dations
The FLR concept is still being refined and redefined, involving knowledge of
multiple disciplines, such as landscape ecology, restoration ecology, stakeholder
theory, public participation mechanisms, adaptive managem<strong>en</strong>t and
forest managem<strong>en</strong>t. This book studied the systematic approach of FLR, and
key techniques in pattern analysis of forest landscape, analysis on driving
forces of forest landscape dynamics, degraded and secondary forest characteristics
and site-level restoration strategies, but the following areas need to be
studied in the future.
Techniques of FLR As to Monitoring & evaluation, indicator system
needs to be rich and refined and thereby used to study the monitoring and e­
valuation of FLR. In terms of site-level restoration strategies, site-level strategies
for plantation managem<strong>en</strong>t and the function of plantation in FLR need to
be studied further.
Conflict and balance betwe<strong>en</strong> restoring ecological integrity and <strong>en</strong>hancing
human well-beings The double-filter principle states that the
trade-offs betwe<strong>en</strong> the economic interests and social, protective values is unavoidable,
but the landscape-level sum of all site-level actions should attempt
to balance the economic, social and <strong>en</strong>vironm<strong>en</strong>tal b<strong>en</strong>efits, that is to balance
the two objectives of <strong>en</strong>hancing human well-being and restoring ecological integrity.
There is promin<strong>en</strong>t conflict betwe<strong>en</strong> restoring ecological integrity and
improving human well-being in forest-dep<strong>en</strong>d<strong>en</strong>t poor communities. Multifunction
of landscape has not emerged, especially the economic b<strong>en</strong>efits, so devel-