[en]+[zh]Study on Forest Landscape Restoration - ITTO

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7 Analyzing landscape pattern at community level 211 Degraded Primary Forest has decreased from 97. 64 ha in 1990 to 42. 06 ha in 2009 and the perc<strong>en</strong>tage has dropped by 13.91 %. Differ<strong>en</strong>t from Plantation, its changes during the two periods were similar, 29. 23 ha and 26. 36 ha respectively. Non-paddy Field has decreased from 208. 88ha from 194. 17 ha in 1990 to 15.32 ha in 2009 and this kind of change has mainly tak<strong>en</strong> place in the period of 1999 - 2009. The economic income were the main basis for land use conversion from the reduction of Degraded Primary Forest and Non-paddy Field while the expansion of Plantation. Changes on Secondary Forest and Degraded Primary Forest were similar, but Paddy Field, Human Settlem<strong>en</strong>t and Reservoir or Pond have kept steady for topography, climate and other natural factors. Changes on NP (Number of patches) in Dagan demonstration area during 1990 - 2009 were mainly shown in its increase of Degraded Forest Land and Secondary and its decrease of Plantation. The increase of NP from 1991 to 1999 was mainly shown in Non-paddy Field and Plantation. The increase of NP of D~graded Forest Land and Secondary Forest and the drop of Plantation and Non-paddy Field were tak<strong>en</strong> place during the period of 1999 -2009 (see Table 7. 5 and Figure 7. 2). Table 7. 5 Changes on NP of differ<strong>en</strong>t landscape elem<strong>en</strong>t types in Dagan FLR demonstration area from 1990 to 2009 Landscape Number of Patches Perc<strong>en</strong>tage of NP (% ) Changes of NP (N) type 1990 1999 2009 1990 1999 2009 1990 -1999 1999 -2009 1990 -2009 DPF 9 8 6 7.26 4.94 3.77 -1 -2 -3 SF 29 28 43 23.39 17.28 27.04 -1 15 14 DFL 8 10 37 6.45 6.17 23.27 2 27 29 P 24 36 14 19.35 22.22 8.81 12 -22 -10 NpC 25 51 30 20.16 31. 48 18.87 26 -21 5 PF 21 21 21 16.94 12.96 13.21 0 0 0 HS 3 3 3 2.42 1. 85 1. 89 0 0 0 RoP 5 5 5 4.03 3. 09 3.14 0 0 0 Total 124 162 159 100 38 -3 35 Note: DPF - Degraded Primary Forest, SF - Secondary Forest, DFL - DegradedForest Land, P - Plantation, NpC - Non-paddy Cropland, PF - Paddy Field, HS - Human Settlem<strong>en</strong>t, RoP - Reservoir or Pond.
212 <strong>Study</strong> on Forest Landscape Restoration 60 50 40 ~ 30 20 10 o Degraded Secondary Degraded Plantation Non-paddy Paddy Primary Forest Forest Land Cropland Field Forest 1111990 1§l1999 02009 Human Reservoir Settlem<strong>en</strong>t or Pond types Figure 7. 2 Changes on NP of differ<strong>en</strong>t landscape elem<strong>en</strong>t types in Dagan FLR demonstration area during 1990 - 2009 Changes on the heterog<strong>en</strong>eity of landscape elem<strong>en</strong>t types were indicated by analysis of patch d<strong>en</strong>sity (PD) and edge d<strong>en</strong>sity (ED) (see Table 7. 6). Changes on both patch d<strong>en</strong>sity and edge d<strong>en</strong>sity of differ<strong>en</strong>t types showed the same tr<strong>en</strong>d during the period of 1990 -2009. The PD and ED of Degrade Primary Forest and Non-paddy Field have increased during this period especially that of Non-paddy Field, which suggested that human disturbances to Degrade Primary Forest and Non-paddy Field have become more frequ<strong>en</strong>tly, patch boundary has become more irregular and degree of fragm<strong>en</strong>tation has increased. Differ<strong>en</strong>t from the conc<strong>en</strong>trated distribution, patches of Non-paddy Field were scattered by the division of adjac<strong>en</strong>t patches, such as plantations Table 7.6 Changes on PD and ED of differ<strong>en</strong>t landscape elem<strong>en</strong>t types in Dagan FLR demonstration area (1990 - 2009 ) Landscape PD( n/100ha) ED(m/ha) type 1990 1999 2009 1990 1999 2009 DPF 9.22 11. 69 14.27 207.68 278. 76 320. 19 SF 84.25 93.87 90.43 494.63 519.56 517.63 DFL 140.85 214. l3 204.31 646.44 764. 70 684.69 P 76.38 41. 11 5.83 485.65 440.44 222.24 NpC 12. 88 29.51 195.82 258.97 355.65 671. 17 PF 78.30 78.30 78.30 511. 79 511. 79 511. 79 HS 36.06 36.06 36.06 254.85 254.85 317.70 RoP 500.00 500.00 500.00 668.93 668.93 843.99 Note: DPF - Degraded Primary Forest, SF - Secondary Forest, DFL - DegradedForest Land, P - Plantation, NpC - Non-paddy Cropland, PF - Paddy Field, HS - Human Settlem<strong>en</strong>t, RoP - Reservoir or Pond.
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[ 1 ] Aldrich M, Sandeep S. Forest
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Table of Contents
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Table of Contents
Page 172 and 173: 1 Introduction As the main body of
Page 174 and 175: Introduction 163 seek approaches to
Page 176 and 177: 2 Previous works 165 Nordic region,
Page 178 and 179: 2 Previous works 167 Program on For
Page 180 and 181: 3 Brief introduction of study area
Page 182 and 183: 3 Brief introduction of study area
Page 184 and 185: 4 Data collection and applied metho
Page 186 and 187: 4 Data collection and applied metho
Page 188 and 189: 5 Systematic approaches to FLR FLR
Page 190 and 191: 5 . Systematic approach to FLR 179
Page 192 and 193: 5 Systematic approach to FLR 181 ti
Page 194 and 195: 5 Systematic approach to FLR 183 be
Page 196 and 197: 5 Systematic approach to FLR 185 5.
Page 198 and 199: 5 Systematic approach to FLR 187 "T
Page 200 and 201: 5 Systematic approach to FLR 189 fo
Page 202 and 203: 5 Systematic approach to FLR 191 v<
Page 204 and 205: 5 Systematic approach to FLR 193 (
Page 206 and 207: 6 Analyzing landscape pattern at re
Page 218 and 219: 7 Analyzing landscape pattern at co
Page 226 and 227: 8 Analyzing driving forces of lands
Page 232 and 233: 9 Analysis of characteristics of de
Page 252 and 253: 10 Application of PRA 241 were used
Page 254 and 255: 10 Application of PRA 243 landscape
Page 256 and 257: 10 Application of PRA 245 250 r----
Page 258 and 259: 10 Application of PRA 247 of 35 hav
Page 260 and 261: 10 Application of PRA 249 12 ~ 0 ..
Page 262 and 263: 10 Application of PRA 251 tion meas
Page 264 and 265: 11 Conclusions and recommen
Page 270 and 271: Bibliography [ 1 ] Aldrich M, Sande
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Bibliography 261 gy. 2008. 24 (1) :
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Bibliography 263 [59] Maginnis S, }
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Bibliography 265 Forestry Sci<stron
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268 Annex 2 Map of priority sites o
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271 ~~5 ~*~~§~~~~~M~#~~.~m Annex 5
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