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Walking together: Healing and hope for Colombian refugees

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104 w a l k i n g t o g e t h e r<br />

STAGES OF ACCULTURATION AND POSSIBLE SERVICE IMPLICATIONS<br />

Physical Events Psychosocial Experience Service Implications<br />

CULT URAL I N T EGRATION<br />

(or Marginalization see Below)<br />

Basic needs met<br />

Some language competence<br />

Employment <strong>and</strong>/or economic<br />

stability<br />

Family relationships<br />

strengthened<br />

Community ties established<br />

Sense of power <strong>and</strong> control<br />

Bicultural identity <strong>for</strong>ged<br />

Self-confidence<br />

Pride in self-sufficiency<br />

Sense of success <strong>and</strong> stable<br />

future “I have a place in this<br />

country.”<br />

May disengage from ESL class<br />

as self-sufficiency <strong>and</strong><br />

English competency is achieved<br />

Sense that class is no longer<br />

needed, that client has moved<br />

beyond it<br />

Increased self-study<br />

May transfer to workplace ESL<br />

May focus on college or other<br />

adult-education options<br />

Inability to use (or lack of<br />

access to) transportation<br />

Poor physical health<br />

Taking care of small children<br />

Mental-health issues<br />

Intergenerational conflict<br />

Possible domestic abuse<br />

Children are not supervised<br />

Especially at risk: older<br />

<strong>refugees</strong> <strong>and</strong> homebound<br />

women<br />

Strong involvement with<br />

institutions: legal, child welfare,<br />

police<br />

Dependence<br />

Unemployment<br />

Legal involvement<br />

Taking on negative roles<br />

Temporary housing or moves<br />

often<br />

Seldom leaves home<br />

Possible involvement in gangs<br />

or crime<br />

Substance or domestic abuse<br />

ALI ENATION<br />

Reluctant to leave home<br />

Not wanting to “take on”<br />

the outside world<br />

Isolation <strong>and</strong> withdrawal<br />

Despair <strong>and</strong> sadness<br />

Suicidal thoughts<br />

Lamenting loss of old roles<br />

Fear they cannot succeed<br />

in Canada<br />

MARGI NALI ZATION<br />

Has given up <strong>hope</strong> of<br />

acculturating or having<br />

a positive role in Canada<br />

Has resentment/negative<br />

attitude<br />

Hopelessness<br />

Seems unreachable<br />

Attendance very sporadic<br />

or student drops out<br />

May have difficulty reaching<br />

student by phone<br />

Intends to but can’t manage<br />

to come to class<br />

Barriers to attendance, i.e.<br />

no transportation, child care<br />

Over-attachment to one teacher,<br />

lever, or program<br />

Time-management,<br />

priority- setting issues<br />

Attendance has ceased<br />

May be impossible to locate<br />

or contact student<br />

Stages of Acculturation & Possible Service Implications chart courtesy of the Center <strong>for</strong> Victims of Torture, 649 Dayton Ave., St. Paul, MN 55104,<br />

www.cvt.org ©Center <strong>for</strong> Victims of Torture

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