Walking together: Healing and hope for Colombian refugees
Walking together: Healing and hope for Colombian refugees
Walking together: Healing and hope for Colombian refugees
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26<br />
w a l k i n g<br />
t o g e t h e r<br />
The Triple Trauma Paradigm, below, highlights some of the traumatic events encountered in each part of<br />
the refugee journey.<br />
THE TRIPLE-TRAUMA PARADIGM<br />
Pre-Flight Flight Post-Flight<br />
Harassment/intimidation/<br />
threats<br />
Fear of unexpected arrest<br />
Loss of job/livelihood<br />
Loss of home, l<strong>and</strong>,<br />
possessions, Loss of<br />
employment, business<br />
Disruption of studies,<br />
life dreams<br />
Repeated relocation<br />
Living in hiding/underground<br />
Societal chaos/breakdown<br />
Prohibition of traditional<br />
practices<br />
Lack of medical care<br />
Separation, isolation of family<br />
Malnutrition<br />
Need <strong>for</strong> secrecy, silence,<br />
distrust<br />
Brief arrests, kidnapping,<br />
retention<br />
Being followed or monitored<br />
Imprisonment<br />
Torture<br />
Other <strong>for</strong>ms of violence<br />
Witnessing violence<br />
Disappearances/Deaths<br />
Fear of being caught or<br />
returned<br />
Extortion<br />
Threat of <strong>for</strong>ced recruitment<br />
of children<br />
Attempts against one’s life<br />
Living in hiding/underground<br />
Detention at checkpoints,<br />
borders<br />
Loss of home, l<strong>and</strong>,<br />
possessions<br />
Loss of job/schooling<br />
Illness<br />
Robbery<br />
Exploitation: bribes,<br />
falsification<br />
Physical assault, rape or injury<br />
Witnessing violence<br />
Lack of medical care<br />
Separation, isolation of family<br />
Malnutrition<br />
Crowded, unsanitary<br />
conditions<br />
Continued threat<br />
Looked upon with suspicion<br />
by society<br />
Government agencies little<br />
help<br />
Great uncertainty about<br />
the future<br />
Low social <strong>and</strong> economic<br />
status<br />
Lack of legal status<br />
Language barriers<br />
Transportation, service barriers<br />
Loss of identity, roles<br />
Bad news from home<br />
Unmet expectations<br />
Unemployment/<br />
underemployment<br />
Racial/ethnic discrimination<br />
Inadequate, dangerous<br />
housing<br />
Repeated relocation/migration<br />
Social <strong>and</strong> cultural isolation<br />
Family separation/reunification<br />
Unresolved losses/<br />
disappearances<br />
Unrealistic expectations from<br />
home<br />
Shock of new climate,<br />
geography<br />
Conflict: internal, marital,<br />
community, generational<br />
Symptoms often worsen<br />
Triple Trauma Paradigm courtesy of the Center <strong>for</strong> Victims of Torture, 649 Dayton Ave., St. Paul, MN 55104, www.cvt.org © Center <strong>for</strong> Victims of Torture