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Section 2 Context Context Section 2 Table 2.28.3 Demographic Trends in Turkey, 1940-2050 2.29 United Kingdom setting out the key housing priorities and issues in their regions, and (b) on this basis, identify priorities for the Category Urban Urban Rural Rural Total population population population population Year population (N) (%) (N) (%) 1970 35,605,176 10,221,530 28.7 25,383,646 71.3 2.29.1 Policy Making and Implementation spending of the Regional Housing Pot which merged previously separate funding streams for housing investment by local authorities and Registered Social Landlords. 1975 40,347,719 13,271,801 32.9 27,075,918 67.1 1980 44,736,957 16,064,681 35.9 28,672,276 64.1 1985 50,664,458 23,238,030 45.9 27,426,428 54.1 1990 56,473,035 28,958,300 51.3 27,514,735 48.7 2000* 67,420,000 39,815,727 59.1 27,604,273 40.9 2001* 68,529,000 40,881,741 59.6 27,647,259 40.4 2000 67,803,927 44,006,274 64.90 23,797,653 35.10 2003* 70,712,000 43,033,989 60.8 27,678,011 39.2 Responsibility for housing policy-making in the United Kingdom is devolved to the four administrations of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. In the case of England, central government (through the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister) sets out housing policy and the legislative framework. In the three other parts of the United Kingdom, responsibility for these functions lies with: the Scottish Executive, the National In England, Registered Social Landlords are funded and regulated by the Housing Corporation which has been set up to fund and regulate. The allocation of the funding reflects priorities set by the Regional Housing Boards. The Housing Corporation also issues guidance and best practice to RSLs in England. The equivalent body for Scotland is Communities Scotland, while the Department for Social Development and the National Total Life Population Crude Crude fertility expectancy growth birth rate death rate rate at birth Year (%) (%) (N) (child) (years) Assembly for Wales and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Assembly for Wales carry out these functions in Northern Ireland and Wales respectively. 1965-1970 2.52 30.0 13.5 5.31 54.91 In all parts of the United Kingdom, local authorities The key objectives of housing policy in England are set 1970-1975 2.50 34.5 11.6 4.46 57.88 manage the implementation of housing policy with the out in the policy Statement Sustainable communities – 1975-1980 2.06 32.2 10.0 4.33 61.20 aid of guidance from central government where building for the future, which was published by the 1980-1985 2.49 30.8 9.0 4.05 63.00 necessary. Depending on their capability, as measured Office of the Deputy Prime Minister in 2003. This 1985-1990 2.17 29.9 7.8 3.76 65.58 through a Comprehensive Performance Assessment, document specifies that the aim of housing policy is to 2000* 1.51 22.2 7.1 2.57 68.00 local authorities are given greater or lesser freedom for give everyone the opportunity of a decent home – and 2001* 1.46 21.7 7.1 2.52 68.30 self-management. so promote social cohesion, well-being and self- 2002* 1.42 21.3 7.0 2.46 68.50 2003* 1.39 20.9 7.0 2.43 68.70 Year Aged 0-14 years Aged 15-64 years Aged over 65 years Median age 1940 42.1 54.4 3.5 NA 1950 38.3 58.4 3.3 20.1 1960 41.2 55.2 3.5 20.3 1970 41.8 53.8 4.4 19.1 1980 39.1 56.1 4.7 19.8 1990 35.0 60.7 4.3 22.2 2000 29.6 64.9 5.5 25.6 2005 (Proj) 27.6 66.6 5.8 27.6 2025 (Proj) 21.9 68.4 9.7 34.2 2050 (Proj) 19.4 61.9 18.7 39.1 In all parts of the United Kingdom social housing is provided by Registered Social Landlords (RSLs), independent, not-for-profit bodies, commonly known as ‘housing associations’. In England, Scotland and Wales, local authorities also often own a housing stock for a similar purpose. They can either manage these properties themselves or use an Arm’s Length Management Organisation (ALMO) to carry out this function. In Northern Ireland the housing stock formerly owned by local authorities was transferred to the ownership of the Northern Ireland Housing Executive (NIHE) in 1971, and since then the NIHE has been the principal provider of social housing. dependence. These policies support the Office’s overall aim of creating sustainable, successful, thriving and inclusive communities – urban and rural – across England, that will stand the test of time. The policy Statement also provides for a long-term programme of action supported by UK£22 billion of investment to improve housing and planning. It covers a wide agenda which recognises that, in order to develop communities in which people wish to live, housing policy needs to be linked to improving economies, public services, transport and the environment at a local level. The most recent housing policy Statement in Scotland was published in 2002 and is entitled Better Homes for Note: * refers to mid-year estimates. Urban refers to areas with population of 20,000 or more In England, housing investment is targeted to meet Scotland’s Communities. The provisions of this Statement were legislated for in the Housing (Scotland) regional and local priorities through the mechanism of Act 2001. The measures addressed in this act are as the new Regional Housing Boards. These boards were follows: the reform of social housing tenancies, the established in each of the nine English regions in rights for homeless people, the responsibilities of local February 2003 in order to carry out the following authorities in relation to homelessness, the regulatory functions: (a) produce a Regional Housing Strategy framework for social rented housing, minimum 86 European Union Report Regular National Report on Housing Developments in European Countries 87
Section 2 Context Context Section 2 Table 2.29.1 Characteristics of the Housing Stock in the United Kingdom, 1971-1991 Category % Dwellings by tenure, various years 1971 Owner-occupied 50.0 Privately rented 19.5 Rented from a registered social landlord 0.0 Rented from a local authority 30.5 1981 Owner-occupied 57.6 Privately rented 11.1 Rented from a registered social landlord 2.19 Rented from a local authority 29.2 1991 Owner-occupied 66 Privately rented 9.3 Rented from a registered social landlord 3 Rented from a local authority 21.1 2001 Owner-occupied 69 Privately rented 9.3 Rented from a registered social landlord 6.4 Rented from a local authority 14.4 Dwellings by period of construction (1996 data) 1985 13.0 Note: data on housing tenure for 1971, 1981 and 1991 refer to 1 April of the year in question; data for 2001 refer to 31 March. Table 2.29.2 Economic Trends in the United Kingdom, 1991-2002 Category Consumer Change Unemployment Employment price index in GDP rate of rate of (all items), at constant people aged people aged year-on-year (1995) Year 16 and over 16 and over change prices 1991 8.4 58.5 7.5 Nav 1992 9.8 57.0 4.2 Nav 1993 10.5 56.2 2.5 Nav 1994 9.8 56.5 2.0 4.4 1995 8.8 57.0 2.6 2.8 1996 8.3 57.4 2.5 2.7 1997 7.2 58.2 1.8 3.3 1998 6.2 58.5 1.6 3.1 1999 6.1 59.0 1.3 2.8 2000 5.6 59.5 0.8 3.8 2001 4.9 59.7 1.2 2.1 2002 5.2 59.7 1.3 1.6 sharply while the proportion rented from a Registered Social Landlord has grown. This table also reveals that the age of the UK housing stock is comparatively high in European terms. Only 13% of the national housing stock was constructed between 1985 and 1996. unemployment rate in the United Kingdom has fallen steadily. In 1991, 8.4% of individuals aged 16 years and over were unemployed but by 2002 this had fallen to 5.2%. In addition, inflation as measured by the consumer price index had also fallen. In 1991 consumer prices grew by 7.5% on the previous year, but by 2002 this rate of increase had fallen to just 1.3%. 2.29.4 Demography In 2001 the population of the United Kingdom stood at 59,862,800 persons. TABLE 2.29.3 reveals that the population has increased by 6.1% since 1980 when the number of inhabitants totalled 56,330,000 persons. During the same period the number of households in England, Scotland and Wales increased by 22.7% – from 19,900,000 in 1990 to 24,121,000 in 2000. As well as population growth, this increase in the number of households was driven by a reduction in the average household size which fell from 2.7 persons in 1980 to 2.4 in 2000. housing standards, the grants regime for private housing and the establishment of the Communities Scotland organisation which was mentioned above. Better Homes for People in Wales, published in 2001 sets out the Welsh Assembly’s vision for the future of housing in this country together with an associated policy framework. The implementation of this strategy is guided by an action plan which was published in 2003. At the time of writing the Northern Ireland Assembly was suspended. However the Northern Ireland Affairs Committee of the United Kingdom parliament has recently established a sub-committee to enquire into social housing provision in Northern Ireland. 2.29.2 Stock In 2001 the total housing stock in the United Kingdom stood at 25,456,000 dwellings. The UK housing stock has expanded significantly in recent decades. In 1971 the total number of dwellings in the country was 19,468,000. TABLE 2.29.1 reveals that in 2001, 69% of dwellings were owner-occupied, 9.3% were rented from a private landlord and 20.8% of dwellings were social rented – 14.4% from a local authority and 6.4% from a Registered Social Landlord. Like many other countries examined in this review, levels of home ownership in the UK have expanded in recent decades – in 1971 only 50% of dwellings were owner-occupied. Conversely, the size of the private rented and the social rented sectors has also contracted since the early 1980s Data regarding the standard of dwellings across the whole of the United Kingdom are not available. However, data for England indicate that the standard of dwellings in this part of the UK compare well with the other countries examined in this review. In 2001, 81% of all dwellings in England contained 4 rooms or more, although this figure falls to 70% in the case of social rented dwellings. Also during this year 99% of dwellings in England had all of the following amenities: a kitchen sink, a bath or shower, a wash-hand basin, a hot and cold water supply and an indoor lavatory. 2.29.3 Economy TABLE 2.29.2 demonstrates that the rate of growth in GDP in the United Kingdom slowed slightly in Table 2.29.3 Demographic Trends in the United Kingdom, 1980-2000 Population by year (No.) 1980 56,330,000 1985 56,685,000 1990 57,561,000 1995 58,606,000 2000 59,756,000 Population by age (2000 data) (%)
Page 1 and 2: REGULAR NATIONAL REPORT ON SYNTHESI
Page 3 and 4: Regular National Report on Housing
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents Table of Contents
Page 7 and 8: Definition of Terms New Member Stat
Page 9 and 10: Section 1 Introduction and Summary
Page 19 and 20: Section 2 Context Context Section 2
Page 51: Section 2 Context Context Section 2
Page 55 and 56: Section 3 Policies Policies Section
Page 75 and 76: Section 3 Policies 3.7.2 Expected M
Page 77 and 78: Section 4 Outcomes Outcomes Section
Page 97 and 98: Appendix 1 Members of European Hous
Page 99 and 100: Appendix 2 Questionnaire 4.4 Housin

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