History Matters: Path dependence and innovation in British city ...

Table 22: Geography of knowledge networks
Indicator
Time series
Data source
Geographic basis
Definitions
Comments
Location of co-operation partners used by firms in their innovation activities (local/regional;
UK national; other Europe; other countries).
CIS4 survey covers innovation activities in 2002-04.
DTI, UK Innovation Survey 2002-04 (CIS4) dataset; responses to questions 17 & 18 in CIS4
survey.
The CIS4 dataset uses the firm’s postcode sector as a geographic reference; this is used to
allocate firms to 1998 TTWAs.
Local/regional partners are defined as those within approximately 100 miles of the enterprise.
None.
Table 23: Firm deaths per capita
Indicator
Time series
Data source
Geographic basis
Definitions
Comments
Annual VAT de-registrations per 10,000 resident adults.
1980 to 2005 (annual).
Department for Enterprise, Business & Regulatory Reform (previously DTI), VAT statistics;
plus ONS, mid-year population estimates.
Data for local authority districts is best fit to 1998 TTWA boundaries (pre-1996 districts are
used for 1980-1993 data).
None.
Trends in the numbers of VAT-registered enterprises are affected by changes in the VAT
registration threshold. The threshold was increased by a significant (much higher than
inflation) amount in 1991 and 1993.
Table 24: Age of businesses
Indicator
Time series
Data source
Geographic basis
Definitions
Comments
Age of VAT-registered enterprises.
None; data is for March 2006.
ONS, Inter-Departmental Business Register (IDBR).
Data for local authority districts is best-fit to 1998 TTWA boundaries.
The IDBR gives each enterprise a ‘birth date’ which is taken as the earliest registration for
either VAT or PAYE.
None.
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