History Matters: Path dependence and innovation in British city ...

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NESTA 1 Plough Place London EC4A 1DE research@nesta.org.uk www.nesta.org.uk Published: July 2008 HM/14
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Research report: July 2008 History
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Executive summary History matters:
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5. Strong local social networks. By
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Acknowledgements This report was wr
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Part 1: Introduction 1.1 History ma
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Figure 2: Three perspectives on eco
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Figure 4: Two alternative path depe
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In the long-run, city-regional econ
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into new practical and commercial f
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Part 2: Path dependence and innovat
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Map 2: Introduction of novel produc
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Figure 8: Selected cities best fit
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Figure 10: Change in knowledge-inte
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Figure 12: Knowledge partners locat
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Figure 14: Change in proportions of
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Figure 15: New firm formation in se
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Figure 17: New firm formation by in
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Part 3: Cambridge and Swansea: cont
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Around the same time, the public se
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with around 10-12 firms on each of
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Figure 19: The growth of high-tech
Page 44 and 45: Figure 22: Cambridge annual employm
Page 46 and 47: Figure 24: Cambridge and Swansea em
Page 48 and 49: Figure 25: Cambridge and Swansea kn
Page 50 and 51: Figure 27: The explosion of patenti
Page 52 and 53: Figure 29: Cambridge and Swansea na
Page 54 and 55: average in all forms of innovation
Page 56 and 57: Figure 32: Cambridge and Swansea na
Page 58 and 59: new technologies, products or proce
Page 60 and 61: innovation. The Cambridge cluster w
Page 62 and 63: Part 4: Why do cities differ in inn
Page 64 and 65: of the subsequent construction of s
Page 66 and 67: These two studies illustrate how qu
Page 68 and 69: 68 or technology transfer programme
Page 70 and 71: Map 4: Warrington Master Plan 1972
Page 72 and 73: Map 6: Analysis of innovation outco
Page 74 and 75: Map 8: Analysis of innovation outco
Page 76 and 77: Map 10: Analysis of innovation outc
Page 78 and 79: Map 12: Analysis of innovation outc
Page 80 and 81: Appendix 2: Secondary data indicato
Page 82 and 83: Indicators of path dependent develo
Page 84 and 85: Table 11: GVA per capita Indicator
Page 86 and 87: Table 17: Patent applications per c
Page 88 and 89: Table 22: Geography of knowledge ne
Page 90 and 91: Table 28: Occupational breakdown of
Page 92 and 93: Cohen, W. and Levinthal, D. A. (199
Page 94: Roberts, M. (2004) The Growth Perfo
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