monarch-esa-petition-final_61585

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U.S. Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency Conservation Reserve Program (USDA FSA CRP). 2014. Changes in CRP Acreage from 2007 to October 2013 by State. USDA Farm Services Agency, 2014, spreadsheet available from http://www.fsa.usda.gov/FSA/webapp?area=home&subject=copr&topic=rns-css (accessed May 28, 2014). U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service (USDA NASS). 1991- 2008. Agricultural Chemical Use Surveys: 1990 to 2007. See links under "Archived Documents" at: http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/MannUsda/viewDocumentInfo.do?documentID=1560 (accessed August 20, 2014). The pesticide usage information in any given document is for the year prior to the document date. U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service Advisory (USDA NASS Advisory). 2006. Meeting of the Advisory Committee on Agriculture Statistics (ACAS): Summary and Recommendations, Appendix III, February 14-15, 2006. USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service. Available from http://www.nass.usda.gov/About_NASS/Advisory_Committee_on_Agriculture_Statistics/adviso ry-es021406.pdf (accessed August 20, 2014). U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service (USDA NASS). 2010. Field Crops: Usual Planting and Harvesting Dates. Agriculural Handbook No. 628, October 2010. U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service (USDA NASS). 2011. Agricultural Chemical Use Survey: Corn 2010. May 2011. Available from http://www.nass.usda.gov/Data_and_Statistics/Pre- Defined_Queries/2010_Corn_Upland_Cotton_Fall_Potatoes/index.asp (accessed August 20, 2014). U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service (USDA NASS). 2013. Agricultural Chemical Use Survey: Soybeans 2012. May 2013. See "Data Table" link at http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Chemical_Use/index.asp . U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service (USDA NASS). 2014. Corn and soybean acres planted data. Available from http://www.nass.usda.gov (accessed August 20, 2014). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). 2006. Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Dicamba and Associated Salts, List [B], Case No. 0065. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). 2007. Pesticide News Story: EPA Releases Report Containing Latest Estimates of Pesticide Use in the United States. Available from http://epa.gov/oppfead1/cb/csb_page/updates/2011/sales-usage06-07.html (accessed August 6, 2014). Monarch ESA Petition 142
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) BEAD. 2012. BEAD Chemical Profile for Registration Review: 2,4-D Chemical Case. Biological and Economic Analysis Division, Environmental Protection Agency, May 8, 2012. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (US FWS). 2012. Listing of the Miami Blue Butterfly as Endangered Throughout Its Range; Listing of the Cassius Blue, Ceraunus Blue, and Nickerbean Blue Butterflies as Threatened Due to Similarity of Appearance to the Miami Blue Butterfly in Coastal South and Central Florida; Final Rule. 77 FR 20948. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 2003. USGS releases study on toxic rainfall in San Joaquin Valley. August 18, 2003. Accessed August 8, 2014, Available from http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article_pf.asp?ID=169 (accessed August 20, 2014). U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 2013. Regional Trends of Biological Resources — Grasslands Prairie Past and Present. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Website. Available from http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/habitat/grlands/pastpres.htm#table1 (accessed April 18, 2014). U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 2014. Pesticide National Synthesis Project. National Waterquality Assessment (NAWQA) Program Annual Pesticides Use Maps. Data available from http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/pnsp/ (accessed August 7, 2014). Van Dijk, A.I.J.M., H. E. Beck, R.S. Crosbie, R.A.M. de Jeu, Y.Y. Liu, G.M. Podger, B. Timbal, and N.R. Viney. 2013. The millennium drought in southeast Australia (2001-2009): natural and human causes and implications for water resources, ecosystems, economy, and society. Water Resources Research 49(2):1040-1057. Van der Sluijs, J.P., N. Simon-Delso, D. Goulson, L. Maxim, J.M. Bonmatin, and L.P. Belzunces. 2013. Neonicotinoids, bee disorders and the sustainability of pollinator services. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 5(3):293-305. Vidal, O., J. Lopez-Garcia, and E. Rendon-Salinas. 2013. Trends in deforestation and forest degradation after a decade of monitoring in the <strong>monarch</strong> butterfly biosphere reserve in Mexico. Conservation Biology 28:177-186. Villablanca, F. 2010. Monarch Alert Annual Report: Overwintering Population 2009-2010. Available from http://<strong>monarch</strong>alert.calpoly.edu/pdf/Monarch-Alert-Report-2010.pdf (accessed October 20, 2014). Vincent, K., 2005. Investigating the causes of the decline of the urban house sparrow Passer domesticus population in Britain. De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom. Wagner, M. 2011. Glyphosate drift to rice a problem for us all. Delta Farm Press, 5/12/11. Monarch ESA Petition 143
Page 1 and 2:
BEFORE THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIO
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PETITIONERS The Center for Biologic
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary
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Though monarchs are found in relati
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threatened by logging, forest disea
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overwintering habitat in 2002 kille
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The monarch was very recently a hig
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when timely action is not undertake
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DESCRIPTION Photo © Jeffrey E. Bel
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Based on the short amount of time s
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After mating a female must soon fin
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legumes (Fabaceae spp.), goldenrod
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Monarch butterflies in western Nort
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Figure 8. Western monarch collectio
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Cardenolide fingerprinting of monar
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managers than roost sites (Brower e
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POPULATION DISTRIBUTION AND STATUS
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land was invaded by common milkweed
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Mexico, the Monarch Larva Monitorin
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Figure 13. Western Monarch Thanksgi
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almost a billion individuals were i
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When butterflies were collected for
Page 45 and 46:
change, and stochastic weather even
Page 47 and 48:
Pesticide usage figures from USDA
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Figure 18. Estimated Agricultural U
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Figure 20. A: Percentage of U.S. so
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In sum, the limited and early-seaso
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The Iowa and Minnesota surveys exem
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1999 accounted for 56 percent of th
Page 59 and 60:
In response, all of the major agric
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iodiversity in agriculture-dominate
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to butterflies, especially with fre
Page 65 and 66:
action of glyphosate and either 2,4
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Brower et al. (2012a) identify loss
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portion of Sierra Campanario. Loggi
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and 21 additional hectares were imp
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for some natural areas (Internation
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international community and Mexican
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and California, monarchs are able t
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numbers of butterflies being in the
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Petition, Loss of Monarch Habitat i
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Additionally, FWS will phase out th
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Private Lands The vast majority of
Page 87 and 88:
Vidal et al. (2013) identify small-
Page 89 and 90:
As explained elsewhere in this peti
Page 91 and 92: Neonicotinoids include imidacloprid
Page 93 and 94: Figure 26. Increasing imidacloprid
Page 95 and 96: Figure 29. Increasing clothianidin
Page 97 and 98: 2012, Nuyttens et al. 2013). This d
Page 99 and 100: most commonly used adulticides are
Page 101 and 102: Global Climate Change The monarch b
Page 103 and 104: availability (Cockrell et al. 1993,
Page 105 and 106: Severe Weather and Catastrophic Eve
Page 107 and 108: two highly invasive swallow-wort sp
Page 109 and 110: that the entire North American rang
Page 111 and 112: and Oberhauser 2012). There is also
Page 113 and 114: the species at the time it is liste
Page 115 and 116: Baldwin, F.L. 2011. Glyphosate drif
Page 117 and 118: Brower, A.V. Z., and M. M. Jeansonn
Page 119 and 120: http://libcloud.s3.amazonaws.com/93
Page 121 and 122: Cleary Chemical Corporation. 2006.
Page 123 and 124: Dockx, C. 2007. Directional and sta
Page 125 and 126: Franz, J.E., M.K. Mao, and J.A. Sik
Page 127 and 128: Hartzler, R.G., and D.D. Buhler. 20
Page 129 and 130: Johal, G.S. and J.E. Rahe. 1984. Ef
Page 131 and 132: Lindenmayer, D.B., J.T. Wood, L. Mc
Page 133 and 134: Meade, D.E. 1999. Monarch butterfly
Page 135 and 136: permethrin barrier treatments. Envi
Page 137 and 138: Rasmussen, N. 2001. Plant hormones
Page 139 and 140: the Linnean Society 144:191-212. Av
Page 141: http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/F
Page 145 and 146: Wyatt, R., A. Stoneburner, S.B. Bro
Page 147 and 148: Appendix A: Non-migratory Populatio
Page 149 and 150: 2004). These milkweeds also have be
Page 151 and 152: y one or a few butterflies and then
Page 153 and 154: Philippines Although monarchs were
Page 155 and 156: Resident monarchs have also been st
Page 157 and 158: Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Dana
Page 159: Appendix B: Proposed Rules to Facil
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