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Mozambican Civil Society Within: Evaluation, Challenges, Opportunities and Action • The establishment of a code of ethics and quality standards for the actions and intervention of civil society organisations. The lack of transparency and democracy on the part of some leaderships and organizations in society nullifies their efforts to gain legitimacy among their constituents, the state and their funding partners; • In order to promote democracy in Mozambique civil society must challenge the current make-up of the state. Albeit gradually, it is important that deputies and members of the government be appointed in a democratic manner, where the citizen has the power to choose the individual that can best represent him/her in Parliament. Recommendations on the Impact Dimension The Impact dimension measured the influence of civil society in political and private sector decision making and its effect on the communities with whom it intends to work. According to the evaluation this CSI dimension received the lowest score, reflecting weak action and also the weakness of its structure, environment and values. Consequently, in order to change this situation the following is proposed: • Civil society in general must make its presence felt in processes that identify issues requiring change or the formulation of social, human rights and financial policies; • Specifically, civil society should use the spaces provided by itself and by the state not just to question but also to propose improvements in the state’s implementation of policies and its delivery of social services; • Propose effective ways of making access to state social, legal and economic services more efficient and effective, for example, making the voting card the identification document for all services, given the speed with which it is produced; • The conscious and knowledgeable involvement of civil society organizations in designing, implementing and evaluating the general state budget at all levels. Civil society recognizes that the main way to hold the state accountable is through the state’s financial execution. • In order to improve its impact civil society should: i) Clarify its role as an agent of change that at no time substitutes the state; ii) improve its standard of service delivery to communities while always respecting the human rights of the people with whom it works. xxxiv Civil Society Index, Mozambique 2007
Mozambican Civil Society Within: Evaluation, Challenges, Opportunities and Action Introduction This document presents the results of a research project on the Civil Society Index (CSI) in Mozambique conducted over some nine months between March and December 2007. It is part of a project implemented by the Foundation for Community Development (FDC) in close collaboration with CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen Participation. The CSI is an integrated, participatory research project that evaluates the state of civil society in the world, and has already involved over 50 countries. The project links the evaluation to reflection on civil society and planning by stakeholders and also by members of other sectors involved. The project thus tries to provide an example of how research can articulate with the formulation of concrete initiatives to strengthen the weaknesses identified. As in other countries, the CSI project in Mozambique was implemented by a CSO, the FDC, which created the National Index Team (NIT), a National Advisory group (NAG) and implemented all stages of the research up to the conclusion of this report. The whole process was monitored and supported by the CIVICUS team, but totally implemented by national researchers from and contracted by the FDC. The technical team met, systematised, and analyzed information from multiple sources, both secondary and primary. All the information was shared and discussed with the NAG. It was also the NAG that finally validated and decided on the score awarded to the 80 indicators that make up the CSI. At different stages of the research the data and results were subject to widespread discussion and critical analysis. Consultations and data collection took place throughout the country, and included two primary research. One was a Community Sample Research (INC07) with a sample of 4,015 households. The other was a Provincial stakeholder consultations (INOSC07) with a sample of 477 CSOs. As an international comparative project the fundamental aspects of the methodology are the same and common to all countries. The index was conceived with two main objectives: to provide up-to-date and useful knowledge about civil society and to use the results to increase the commitment of stakeholders to strengthening and expanding civil society. The first objective involves a degree of tension between international comparability and the specific characteristics of each country. In each country every research team tries to overcome this tension by adapting the methodology when necessary so that the indicators capture the specific reality of the country. In the case of Mozambique the technical team identified some special characteristics that were not properly covered by the 74 indicators in the basic methodology. For this reason, in the case of Mozambique the CSI has 80 indicators instead of the 74 initially proposed by CIVICUS. Civil Society Index, Mozambique 2007 1
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