Barley for Food and Health: Science, Technology, and Products

APPENDIX 1
Glossary: Botany and Plants
Allele: One of a number of alternative forms of a gene.
Anther: The part of the flower that produces the pollen.
Anthesis: Stage or period at which a flower bud opens.
Awn: Stiff, bristlelike projection from the tip or back of the lemma or glumes
in grasses.
Caryopsis: Small, dry, one-sided fruit in which the ovary wall remains joined
with the seed in a single grain.
Coleoptile: Protective sheath surrounding the plumule (germinating shoot) of
some monocotyledonous plants, such as grasses.
Coleorhiza: Protective sheath surrounding the radicle (germinating root) of some
monocotyledons, such as grasses.
Cotyledon: The first leaf or leaves of a seed plant, found in the embryo, which
may form the first photosynthetic leaves or may remain belowground.
Diploid: Organism whose cells have two sets of chromosomes of the basic
genetic complement.
Epicotyl: The stemlike axis of the young plant embryo above the cotyledons,
terminating in an apical meristem and sometimes bearing one or more young
leaves.
Floret: One of the small individual flowers of a crowded infloresance; individual
flower of grasses.
Glume: Dry chaffy bract, present in a pair at the base of spikelet in grasses.
Haploid: Cells having one set of chromosomes representing the basic genetic
complement of the species.
Homozygous: Diploid organism that has inherited the same allele of any particular
gene from both parents.
Hordeum vulgare L.: Domesticated (cultivated) barley.
Barley for Food and Health: Science, Technology, and Products,
By Rosemary K. Newman and C. Walter Newman
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
225