Migrants, Minorities, Belongings and Citizenship. Glocalization and ...

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“what new norms, institutions, structures and policies of citizenship do we need to reduce/eliminate the misalignments” 3. Further research recommendations Confronting these new research questions, the way further should include the diversity analyses of the European society and the European public sphere, as Europe is now unequivocally a diverse society. In this project, one important parameter in realization of togetherness in diverse societies has been found to be the phenomenon “co-other”, signifying individuals with a high degree of mobility of mind between different references of identification. Therefore, any further research on the development of the European diverse society should incorporate the mobility-of-mind dimension into the analysis. Furthermore, the class and demographic dimensions of citizenship should also be systematically incorporated into a future research in these lines. Glocalmig is an exploratory project, and its findings relate primarily to “the new” in Europe and the possible impact of “the new” in Europe. The new in Europe is the fading and reshaping of borders and boundaries, the possibility of unlimited spatial mobility, and the increasing mobility of minds. These are also about the features of “glocal spaces”, which can be seen as the prototypes of a future European diverse society. Therefore, we recommend the European Commission to focus more on the European glocal spaces in order to increase the knowledge about how a diverse society and a European public sphere is possible, how unity/togetherness in diversity can be achieved, and how a diverse society can create and manage its own politics without deconstructing itself. This requires collaborative research actions at the European level with inclusion of all the EU-member and candidate states. In addition to the type of qualitative work done in Glocalmig, a comprehensive survey is also required to obtain results with high level of reliability and validity in the whole Europe. 4. European added value Glocalmig is primarily a qualitatively oriented research project. Its design comprises participant observation, structured, semi-structured and unstructured interviews, data collection from documents using vernaculars, etc. It requires a high level of contextsensitivity. Therefore, conducting the Glocalmig research activities at the European level was the only way of achieving the scientific objectives of this project. From the design of research tools and theory building to the data-collection and analysis activities, all stages of the project required an in-depth knowledge of the fieldwork sites, 106
language skills, and organizational resources close to the fieldwork sites. A close look at the six country reports, which are attached to this report, will verify this statement. Through collaboration between European partners who have in-depth knowledge about their case-countries, we were also able to design context-sensitive qualitative research tools and to interpret the results accordingly. The questionnaire and interview items were refined/reformulated in an interactive process which was based on the project-partners’ in-depth knowledge of their specific case-countries. Some items were reformulated differently according to the cultural contexts of our cases (the method of functional equivalence). These research tools were originally prepared in English by the coordinator and translated by the partners into Danish, Estonian, Finnish, German, Hungarian (partly), Norwegian, Russian, Swedish, and Turkish (partly). All these collaborative activities provided a higher level of precision and context-sensitivity in data collection, interpretation, and analysis. 5. Policy implications The overall objective for this specific key action has been stated by the European Commission as “to improve understanding of the structural changes taking place in Europe, to identify options for the management of change and to involve European citizens more actively in shaping their own futures. This will require the analysis of the main trends giving rise to these changes; of the relationships between technology, employment and society, the re-appraisal of participation mechanisms for collective action at all levels of governance and the elaboration of new development strategies fostering growth employment and economic and social cohesion”. The proposal of the Glocalmig Consortium was to develop novel research tools for investigating the quality of citizenships in the light of the structural changes in six European countries. Quality of citizenships is defined in terms of alignments and misalignments between the existing citizenship institutions/structures and citizens’ and residents’ preferences/interests emanating from their diverse belongings. The Glocalmigproject also promised to design research tools to be used to detect the existing institutions and structures that are inclusive and democratic enough and that can be used to eliminate misalignments as well as to propose alternative ways of reducing the misalignments. These research tools have been successfully tested, and the knowledge that is created is through their use is novel and has certain potential policy implications. However, although Glocalmig’s theoretical and conceptual results have a validity beyond the scope of this project, it should be kept in mind that the empirical results of Glocalmig 107
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EU RESEARCH ON SOCIAL SCIENCES AND
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EUROPEAN COMMISSION EU RESEARCH ON
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Preface Within the Fifth Community
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Table of contents Preface v Aknowle
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Aknowledgements On behalf of the Un
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The above statement should be regar
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meticulously addressing the citizen
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contexts. Policy responses to socia
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findings could only include certain
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the one hand and between participat
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collected during the country studie
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● which existing national and int
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Table 1. The Countries and Groups u
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III. SCIENTIFIC DESCRIPTION OF PROJ
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The designs of the three research t
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diverse society. In other words, th
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citizenships (e.g. new problems, ne
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enefits in the state. 1 A claim of
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These anomalies require supplement
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Table 2. Notions of the Citizen in
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The dimensions that Glocalmig focus
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spheres of interaction, meaning, an
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Residence, Permanent Residence, Mat
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The major objection to a comparison
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Table 3. Measurement and Scaling Mo
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and individuals within the new cont
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the future. In this sense, the data
Page 55 and 56: 3) Acceptance, cooperation, and sym
Page 57 and 58: integration and intercultural learn
Page 59 and 60: Medborgerhuset can be translated in
Page 61 and 62: It seems that a lot of the explanat
Page 63 and 64: The absence of some categories in s
Page 65 and 66: In order to provide a conceptual st
Page 67 and 68: 2.2.4. Multidimensional belongings
Page 69 and 70: 1. Variable Principal Normalization
Page 71 and 72: Dimension 5: European-territorial b
Page 73 and 74: territories. This is an alignment b
Page 75 and 76: voice and influence - national spac
Page 77 and 78: Figure 7. Participation in Essentia
Page 79 and 80: Figure 9. Respondents’ Geographic
Page 81 and 82: 2.2.7. Mobility of Minds - Psychic/
Page 83 and 84: section is whether the degree of ge
Page 85 and 86: On the other hand, increased “cro
Page 87 and 88: Table 12. Alignments/Misalignments
Page 89 and 90: extra-territorials are the most con
Page 91 and 92: characteristics (belonging, partici
Page 93 and 94: Concerning “alignments and misali
Page 95 and 96: 2.3.3. Spatial and mental mobility
Page 97 and 98: Table 16. Explanatory Powers of the
Page 99 and 100: Figure 12. Three Predictive Models
Page 101 and 102: separates between essentialized spa
Page 103 and 104: Fig. 14 illustrates the most import
Page 105: country methods, especially in the
Page 109 and 110: is being created in these sites. Th
Page 111 and 112: V. DISSEMINATION AND EXPLOITATION O
Page 113 and 114: York-based publisher, Edwin Mellen
Page 115 and 116: 2003 Radical Transnationalism and T
Page 117 and 118: Scientific report submitted to the
Page 119 and 120: 2. Dissemination by the Austrian Ac
Page 121 and 122: Towards a political theory of migra
Page 123 and 124: Teaching 2004 summer term: Course a
Page 125 and 126: 4. Dissemination by the Estonian In
Page 127 and 128: 6. Dissemination by the Central Eur
Page 129 and 130: VI. REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 1.
Page 131 and 132: Calhoun, Craig 1997, Nationalism. B
Page 133 and 134: Horowitz, Donald L. 1985, Ethnic Gr
Page 135 and 136: Ragin, Charles 1991, “The Problem
Page 137 and 138: Taylor, Charles 1992, “Multicultu
Page 139: European Commission EUR 23143 — E
Page 142: KI-NA-23143-EN-N
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