Migrants, Minorities, Belongings and Citizenship. Glocalization and ...

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II. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT 1. Objectives of the project Glocalmig aims to provide new and research-based perspectives and research tools for comprehensively addressing the quality of citizenships in the European Union as well as how the quality of citizenships relates to the ‘democratic deficit problem’. The specific focus is on the gradually altering meanings and practices of citizenship and belonging within the context of the European Union, and the significance of these two phenomena pertaining to the democratic deficit problem. In this connection, different types of the potential contestations are also detected in process of attempting to re-define the European and national citizenships in a context of incongruity between the developing notion of European Union Citizenship, Member States’ historical citizenship models and rights-regimes, and belongings at lower aggregation levels. This incongruity relates specifically to statuses, rights, and obligations of: - non-citizen immigrant minorities (second and third country nationals); - historical-native minorities of Member States; - extra-territorial citizens of Member and Associated States; - majority citizens. This exploratory project, involving conditions in three Member States (Austria, Denmark, Finland) and three non-member states – at the time of data collection and data analysis – (Estonia, Hungary, Norway), therefore, develops perspectives and research tools to be used for enquiring into: ● how migration of second/third country nationals and extra-territorial citizens creates special interrelationships in the context of the misalignments between belongings and citizenship (in the wide sense) that face states and the Union as a result of prominently various migration experiences and new political spaces – i.e. the glocal spaces – being claimed by primarily migration-related minorities; ● how historical-native and migrant minorities organize to give voice to their concerns when the misalignment between belongings and citizenship (in the wide sense) create participation dilemmas; 22
● which existing national and international institutions can continue to be democratic, inclusive and empowering within the new glocalized contexts of the European Union; ● what new institutions and norms are needed for sustaining an inclusive and empowering politics and a democratic society; ● which supranational strategies are needed for introducing the required democratic norms and institutions in which transnational, national, regional, and glocal contexts. Concerning improvement strategies, three models will be taken as the point of departure: Functional Equivalence, Subsidiarity, and Differentiated Scale of Rights. Taken together, this should also point to some crucial areas of political contestation in the European Union, as well as provide an increased understanding of what a closer association to the Union will mean for some of the states yet not being members. The point of departure in Glocalmig is the conviction that the new European realities cannot be understood and described with the concepts and tools of the past. New concepts and perspectives that are based on the present reality should also be employed. Glocalmig has, therefore, set out to produce research based facts and concepts which can constitute the basis of a new European citizenship structure and a European public space. For achieving these research objectives, the Glocalmig Consortium has developed certain research tools, which are specially designed in order to address questions relating to the quality of citizenships in the contexts of diversity, mobility and changing/ambigious geographical, cultural and political boundaries. Since the European Union, with its ongoing processes of integration and enlargement is one such context, these research tools are highly relevant for any research on citizenship and citizen involvement in the European Union. However, although the major aim is to develop and test the required research tools, Glocalmig has also created certain knowledge about the present state of affairs regarding the quality of citizenships in those six European countries which it focused on. This knowledge relates to the importance of the relationship between citizens’ and residents’ belongings and the formal citizenship structures. What Glocalmig achieved in this respect is the discovery of the glocal spaces, which can be the prototypes of a future diverse society, and, in this respect, which can be used as an alternative model in attempts to form the new inclusive European public spaces. 23
Page 1 and 2: EU RESEARCH ON SOCIAL SCIENCES AND
Page 3 and 4: EUROPEAN COMMISSION EU RESEARCH ON
Page 5 and 6: Preface Within the Fifth Community
Page 7 and 8: Table of contents Preface v Aknowle
Page 9 and 10: Aknowledgements On behalf of the Un
Page 11 and 12: The above statement should be regar
Page 13 and 14: meticulously addressing the citizen
Page 15 and 16: contexts. Policy responses to socia
Page 17 and 18: findings could only include certain
Page 19 and 20: the one hand and between participat
Page 21: collected during the country studie
Page 25 and 26: Table 1. The Countries and Groups u
Page 27 and 28: III. SCIENTIFIC DESCRIPTION OF PROJ
Page 29 and 30: The designs of the three research t
Page 31 and 32: diverse society. In other words, th
Page 33 and 34: citizenships (e.g. new problems, ne
Page 35 and 36: enefits in the state. 1 A claim of
Page 37 and 38: These anomalies require supplement
Page 39 and 40: Table 2. Notions of the Citizen in
Page 41 and 42: The dimensions that Glocalmig focus
Page 43 and 44: spheres of interaction, meaning, an
Page 45 and 46: Residence, Permanent Residence, Mat
Page 47 and 48: The major objection to a comparison
Page 49 and 50: Table 3. Measurement and Scaling Mo
Page 51 and 52: and individuals within the new cont
Page 53 and 54: the future. In this sense, the data
Page 55 and 56: 3) Acceptance, cooperation, and sym
Page 57 and 58: integration and intercultural learn
Page 59 and 60: Medborgerhuset can be translated in
Page 61 and 62: It seems that a lot of the explanat
Page 63 and 64: The absence of some categories in s
Page 65 and 66: In order to provide a conceptual st
Page 67 and 68: 2.2.4. Multidimensional belongings
Page 69 and 70: 1. Variable Principal Normalization
Page 71 and 72: Dimension 5: European-territorial b
Page 73 and 74:
territories. This is an alignment b
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voice and influence - national spac
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Figure 7. Participation in Essentia
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Figure 9. Respondents’ Geographic
Page 81 and 82:
2.2.7. Mobility of Minds - Psychic/
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section is whether the degree of ge
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On the other hand, increased “cro
Page 87 and 88:
Table 12. Alignments/Misalignments
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extra-territorials are the most con
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characteristics (belonging, partici
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Concerning “alignments and misali
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2.3.3. Spatial and mental mobility
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Table 16. Explanatory Powers of the
Page 99 and 100:
Figure 12. Three Predictive Models
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separates between essentialized spa
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Fig. 14 illustrates the most import
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country methods, especially in the
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language skills, and organizational
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is being created in these sites. Th
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V. DISSEMINATION AND EXPLOITATION O
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York-based publisher, Edwin Mellen
Page 115 and 116:
2003 Radical Transnationalism and T
Page 117 and 118:
Scientific report submitted to the
Page 119 and 120:
2. Dissemination by the Austrian Ac
Page 121 and 122:
Towards a political theory of migra
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Teaching 2004 summer term: Course a
Page 125 and 126:
4. Dissemination by the Estonian In
Page 127 and 128:
6. Dissemination by the Central Eur
Page 129 and 130:
VI. REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 1.
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Calhoun, Craig 1997, Nationalism. B
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Horowitz, Donald L. 1985, Ethnic Gr
Page 135 and 136:
Ragin, Charles 1991, “The Problem
Page 137 and 138:
Taylor, Charles 1992, “Multicultu
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European Commission EUR 23143 — E
Page 142:
KI-NA-23143-EN-N
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