Migrants, Minorities, Belongings and Citizenship. Glocalization and ...

One thing that should be kept in mind at this juncture is that the glocal spaces
accommodate all sorts of belongings, groups, movements, etc; and they also establish
solid links between the numeric, corporate, and essentialized spaces in their diverse
environment. In other words, glocal spaces seem to be a natural meeting place for all
and can also be investigated/thought of as a model of diverse society and as
accommodating the types of individuals who can cohabit a social and political space of
deep diversity.
Four basic strategies of diversity management are observed in the European political
history: functional equivalence, subsidiarity, nesting, and differentiation. The principle of
functional equivalence presupposes that the common norms and policy targets regarding
quality of citizenships are determined at the supranational level; and member states and
regional and local authorities are free to use the means and methods available and
acceptable in their contexts to achieve these targets. The subsidiarity principle, on the
other hand, prescribes that the norms and policy targets as well as the means and
methods to be used are determined at the governance levels closest to those to be
affected, provided that these comply with the Union’s solidarity principle. The third
strategy, nesting, is a variant of the subsidiarity principle. The difference is that the
nesting strategy reaches beyond the Westphalian system and establishes direct
horizontal and vertical links between the supranational level and sub-national levels of
citizenship and governance. In the nesting strategy, the sub-national actors are treated
as international actors – like states – in certain matters. In the fourth strategy,
differentiation, or differentiated scale of rights, the norms, policy targets, and means and
methods are all determined at the supranational level and implementation responsibility
is given to the existing national, regional, and local institutions. This strategy opts for
formulating a set of citizens’ rights and duties as a common norm with respect to their
degree of “insideness” and “affiliation” with the political system. In all these strategies,
citizens’ and residents’ participation and involvement takes place through these
intermediary levels.
All the above strategies have been studied and discussed in depth by European scholars.
Based on the findings of Glocalmig, a fifth strategy to be studied further can be
euroglocalization through participation in euroglocal spaces. The term has been
constructed with the words globalization, localization, and Europeanization. It represents
also a normative stance. The processes of globalization have been successful in contexts
where the global values, ethics, and worldviews have found their local expressions in
local places. The glocal spaces and mobile minds accommodated in these spaces are the
best examples of this development. The findings of Glocalmig indicate that there is a
considerably strong association between spatial mobility and mental mobility patterns on
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