Migrants, Minorities, Belongings and Citizenship. Glocalization and ...

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procedure that seeks parsimony by reducing the number of variables to a fewer number of dimensions. The resultant dimensions are orthogonal – i.e. uncorrelated with each other -- and they are based on (1) the correlations between the variables (variableprincipal) or (2) the proximity of the cases to each other (object-principal), or (3) both (symmetric). Differently from the PCA, the CATPCA procedure quantifies the nominal or ordinal variables by using several optional quantification methods. The solution is nonlinear. Unlike the PCA, the CATPCA-procedure does not require that the data set comprise fewer variables than cases. In this study, all the belonging-variables are coded as ordinal variables along a 5-point Likert scale with values from 1 to 5 (1=extremely low identification and 5=extremely high identification with the item) and the subsequent analyses are based on measurement along the 5-point Likert scale. In this specific CATPCA analysis, ranking discretization has been used since all the variables have ordinal level of measurement. This means that the original cases’ values have been quantified on each variable; and these quantifications of their rank orders were used as the case values in the principal components analysis. Table 6. Components of Multidimensional Belongings Belonging Dimension 1 2 3 4 5 Religious ,492 ,475 -,042 -,347 ,119 Ethnic -,309 ,763 ,146 ,410 -,168 Territorial ,189 ,483 -,373 ,059 ,674 Political -,392 -,205 ,014 ,755 ,156 Gender ,710 -,293 -,305 ,366 ,031 Sexual ,702 -,067 -,486 ,348 ,004 National ,693 ,489 ,164 -,098 ,075 Transnational ,042 ,734 ,490 ,279 -,096 Global ,597 -,409 ,570 ,084 ,042 Individual ,630 -,209 ,627 ,108 -,016 European -,381 -,238 ,447 -,040 ,695 Explained variance (%) 26,40 20,17 15,24 11,13 9,30 68
1. Variable Principal Normalization used. 2. All dimensions with an eigenvalue over 1 included. 3. Ranking dicretization used. 4. Total variance accounted for 82,23% (rounded). Each of the 5 dimensions illustrated in the columns of Table 6 shows a particular multidimensional belonging model that the data set comprises. The variable loadings that characterize a dimension the most have been marked with different colors. It is possible to interpret the CATPCA-results from different angles. For the purposes of this report, I will first briefly give my suggestion of what each dimension means and then shortly comment on how respondents’ degree of European belonging relates to other singular types of belonging in each dimension. It is important to remember again that these results relate to the attendants of glocal spaces and are not representative of the belonging profiles of countries’ populations. Dimension 1: Individualist-national versus subnational/supranational belonging The respondents who score high on the first dimension are interpreted as identifying themselves most with their own individual belongings and their territorial nation-states. They relate themselves to the world as not only individual men and women, but also as members of their nations and of the humanity (cf. global belonging loads with 0,597 on dimension-1). Examining these respondents’ statements during qualitative interviews, one may state that this type of multidimensional belonging represents a pragmatic and non-ethnicist approach to the nation-state as the protector of the modern individual freedom. Thus, they do not conceive of national belonging as something that divides humanity but as a non-collectivist instrument for the achievement of individual goals. On the other hand, respondents scoring low on this dimension are interpreted as identifying themselves as members of their subnational ethnic groups, political groups, and of Europe – i.e. a multicultural Europe based on collective ethnic cultures rather than on national, religious, or global belongings. Global, individual, national, religious, transnational belongings play little role in their belonging profile. This dimension accounts for 26% of the total variance. Dimension 2: Collectivist-transnational versus glocal belonging The respondents who score high on this dimension identify themselves most with collective references of belonging – such as religion, ethnicity, and nation. They relate themselves to the world through both their national-territorial and subnational belongings, herein primarily as members of their ethnic groups. Although subnational ethnic and religious belongings seem to be the main ingredients of their profile, they 69
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EU RESEARCH ON SOCIAL SCIENCES AND
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EUROPEAN COMMISSION EU RESEARCH ON
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Preface Within the Fifth Community
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Table of contents Preface v Aknowle
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Aknowledgements On behalf of the Un
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The above statement should be regar
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meticulously addressing the citizen
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contexts. Policy responses to socia
Page 17 and 18: findings could only include certain
Page 19 and 20: the one hand and between participat
Page 21 and 22: collected during the country studie
Page 23 and 24: ● which existing national and int
Page 25 and 26: Table 1. The Countries and Groups u
Page 27 and 28: III. SCIENTIFIC DESCRIPTION OF PROJ
Page 29 and 30: The designs of the three research t
Page 31 and 32: diverse society. In other words, th
Page 33 and 34: citizenships (e.g. new problems, ne
Page 35 and 36: enefits in the state. 1 A claim of
Page 37 and 38: These anomalies require supplement
Page 39 and 40: Table 2. Notions of the Citizen in
Page 41 and 42: The dimensions that Glocalmig focus
Page 43 and 44: spheres of interaction, meaning, an
Page 45 and 46: Residence, Permanent Residence, Mat
Page 47 and 48: The major objection to a comparison
Page 49 and 50: Table 3. Measurement and Scaling Mo
Page 51 and 52: and individuals within the new cont
Page 53 and 54: the future. In this sense, the data
Page 55 and 56: 3) Acceptance, cooperation, and sym
Page 57 and 58: integration and intercultural learn
Page 59 and 60: Medborgerhuset can be translated in
Page 61 and 62: It seems that a lot of the explanat
Page 63 and 64: The absence of some categories in s
Page 65 and 66: In order to provide a conceptual st
Page 67: 2.2.4. Multidimensional belongings
Page 71 and 72: Dimension 5: European-territorial b
Page 73 and 74: territories. This is an alignment b
Page 75 and 76: voice and influence - national spac
Page 77 and 78: Figure 7. Participation in Essentia
Page 79 and 80: Figure 9. Respondents’ Geographic
Page 81 and 82: 2.2.7. Mobility of Minds - Psychic/
Page 83 and 84: section is whether the degree of ge
Page 85 and 86: On the other hand, increased “cro
Page 87 and 88: Table 12. Alignments/Misalignments
Page 89 and 90: extra-territorials are the most con
Page 91 and 92: characteristics (belonging, partici
Page 93 and 94: Concerning “alignments and misali
Page 95 and 96: 2.3.3. Spatial and mental mobility
Page 97 and 98: Table 16. Explanatory Powers of the
Page 99 and 100: Figure 12. Three Predictive Models
Page 101 and 102: separates between essentialized spa
Page 103 and 104: Fig. 14 illustrates the most import
Page 105 and 106: country methods, especially in the
Page 107 and 108: language skills, and organizational
Page 109 and 110: is being created in these sites. Th
Page 111 and 112: V. DISSEMINATION AND EXPLOITATION O
Page 113 and 114: York-based publisher, Edwin Mellen
Page 115 and 116: 2003 Radical Transnationalism and T
Page 117 and 118: Scientific report submitted to the
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2. Dissemination by the Austrian Ac
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Towards a political theory of migra
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Teaching 2004 summer term: Course a
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4. Dissemination by the Estonian In
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6. Dissemination by the Central Eur
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VI. REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 1.
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Calhoun, Craig 1997, Nationalism. B
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Horowitz, Donald L. 1985, Ethnic Gr
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Ragin, Charles 1991, “The Problem
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Taylor, Charles 1992, “Multicultu
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European Commission EUR 23143 — E
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KI-NA-23143-EN-N
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