Migrants, Minorities, Belongings and Citizenship. Glocalization and ...

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negatively to each other explain 46,57% of the total variance. However, this does not mean that European and national identities are compatible or incompatible with each other. The results rather mean that, in our specific data set, some multidimensional belonging modes do not comprise European belonging as a component and some others do. And, there are different reasons for this. 2.2.5. Participation/involvement in multiple channels of voice and influence Most respondents attending to the glocal and multicultural/intercultural sites are politically active. Reading these results, one should bear in mind that the respondents in this study are the attendants of the glocal spaces; and the findings relate to the characteristics of the glocal sites rather than the populations of individual countries. This is also true for the other results in this study. Most attendants of the glocal sites are also active in other channels of participation. This was also confirmed with high certainty in the in-depth interviews. Indeed, the reason why some people attend the glocal sites is their involvement in certain organizations which the glocal sites accommodate. The general tendency is that for all our 7 categories, participation level in the numeric channel is quite low. This is also true when the level of participation is controlled for citizenship (e.g. whether the persons have acquired citizenship or not). Apart from the historical new minorities and second country nationals, respondents’ participation level in corporate-plural channels is considerably high. Those who use the essentialized sites the most – such as ethnicity and religion-based organizations – are historical native minorities and imperial minorities. These groups are also the ones whose participation level in glocal sites is the lowest. One last thing to mention here: It is important to note that the high participation level of the second country nationals (nationals of the EU-member states) in glocal sites (60%) is due to the Hungarian cosmopolitan situation. In the other 5 countries in this study, second country nationals’ participation in glocal spaces is quite low. Multidimensional participation patterns in glocal spaces Table 7 illustrates results from a CATPCA-procedure applied to four variables measuring respondents’ degree of participation in different channels. The procedure resulted in two dimensions. Since all the variables’ loadings on the first dimension have the same sign this is a common underlying dimension for all the respondents. The first dimension, therefore, measures the degree of respondents’ general participation in all spaces of 74
voice and influence – national space (numeric and corporate channels), essentialized spaces (exclusively ethnic/religious spaces), and glocal spaces. However, it is important to note that “participation in glocal spaces” loads less on this dimension than the other three variables. The second dimension, on the other hand is bipolar; that is, it distinguishes between participation in essentialized spaces and participation in glocal spaces. The respondents who score high in this dimension attend the essentialized spaces more often than those who score low on this dimension – and vice versa. Table 7. Components of Participation Patterns Dimension 1 2 Participation in Numeric Channel Participation in Corporate Channel ,860 -,039 ,902 -,168 Participation in Glocal Spaces ,207 -,896 Participation in Essentialized Spaces ,592 ,626 Explained variance (%) 48,67 30,62 1. Variable Principal Normalization used. 2. 2-dimension solution imposed. 3. Ranking dicretization used. 4. Total explained variance is 79,3% (rounded). Figure 6 illustrates the distribution of the respondents along the two dimensions. For the horizontal dimension (participation in all spaces), scores between 2 and 3 show very high degrees of participation, scores between 1 and 2 show high degrees of participation, scores between -1 and 1 represent a moderate degree of participation, and scores between -2 and -1 show low degrees of participation. For the perpendicular dimension (essentialized vs. glocal spaces), scores between 1 and 2 show high degree of participation in essentialized spaces and scores between -2 and -1 represent high degree of participation in glocal spaces. Scores between -1 and 0 and between 0 and 1, respectively show moderate degrees of participation in glocal and essentialized spaces. Scores closer to 0 (zero) in the last mentioned two intervals on this dimension represent low degrees of participation in both spaces. 75
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EU RESEARCH ON SOCIAL SCIENCES AND
Page 3 and 4:
EUROPEAN COMMISSION EU RESEARCH ON
Page 5 and 6:
Preface Within the Fifth Community
Page 7 and 8:
Table of contents Preface v Aknowle
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Aknowledgements On behalf of the Un
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The above statement should be regar
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meticulously addressing the citizen
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contexts. Policy responses to socia
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findings could only include certain
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the one hand and between participat
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collected during the country studie
Page 23 and 24: ● which existing national and int
Page 25 and 26: Table 1. The Countries and Groups u
Page 27 and 28: III. SCIENTIFIC DESCRIPTION OF PROJ
Page 29 and 30: The designs of the three research t
Page 31 and 32: diverse society. In other words, th
Page 33 and 34: citizenships (e.g. new problems, ne
Page 35 and 36: enefits in the state. 1 A claim of
Page 37 and 38: These anomalies require supplement
Page 39 and 40: Table 2. Notions of the Citizen in
Page 41 and 42: The dimensions that Glocalmig focus
Page 43 and 44: spheres of interaction, meaning, an
Page 45 and 46: Residence, Permanent Residence, Mat
Page 47 and 48: The major objection to a comparison
Page 49 and 50: Table 3. Measurement and Scaling Mo
Page 51 and 52: and individuals within the new cont
Page 53 and 54: the future. In this sense, the data
Page 55 and 56: 3) Acceptance, cooperation, and sym
Page 57 and 58: integration and intercultural learn
Page 59 and 60: Medborgerhuset can be translated in
Page 61 and 62: It seems that a lot of the explanat
Page 63 and 64: The absence of some categories in s
Page 65 and 66: In order to provide a conceptual st
Page 67 and 68: 2.2.4. Multidimensional belongings
Page 69 and 70: 1. Variable Principal Normalization
Page 71 and 72: Dimension 5: European-territorial b
Page 73: territories. This is an alignment b
Page 77 and 78: Figure 7. Participation in Essentia
Page 79 and 80: Figure 9. Respondents’ Geographic
Page 81 and 82: 2.2.7. Mobility of Minds - Psychic/
Page 83 and 84: section is whether the degree of ge
Page 85 and 86: On the other hand, increased “cro
Page 87 and 88: Table 12. Alignments/Misalignments
Page 89 and 90: extra-territorials are the most con
Page 91 and 92: characteristics (belonging, partici
Page 93 and 94: Concerning “alignments and misali
Page 95 and 96: 2.3.3. Spatial and mental mobility
Page 97 and 98: Table 16. Explanatory Powers of the
Page 99 and 100: Figure 12. Three Predictive Models
Page 101 and 102: separates between essentialized spa
Page 103 and 104: Fig. 14 illustrates the most import
Page 105 and 106: country methods, especially in the
Page 107 and 108: language skills, and organizational
Page 109 and 110: is being created in these sites. Th
Page 111 and 112: V. DISSEMINATION AND EXPLOITATION O
Page 113 and 114: York-based publisher, Edwin Mellen
Page 115 and 116: 2003 Radical Transnationalism and T
Page 117 and 118: Scientific report submitted to the
Page 119 and 120: 2. Dissemination by the Austrian Ac
Page 121 and 122: Towards a political theory of migra
Page 123 and 124: Teaching 2004 summer term: Course a
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4. Dissemination by the Estonian In
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6. Dissemination by the Central Eur
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VI. REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 1.
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Calhoun, Craig 1997, Nationalism. B
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Horowitz, Donald L. 1985, Ethnic Gr
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Ragin, Charles 1991, “The Problem
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Taylor, Charles 1992, “Multicultu
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European Commission EUR 23143 — E
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KI-NA-23143-EN-N
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