Migrants, Minorities, Belongings and Citizenship. Glocalization and ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

2.2. Quality of citizenships in glocal spaces The fieldwork activities of Glocalmig were conducted in what we call “glocal sites” – public spaces that are open to and inclusive of all types of individuals and groups. The respondents were contacted in glocal public spaces. As expected at the point of departure, we found that most respondents who are active in glocal spaces are also active in other types of public spaces. They attend glocal spaces to compensate for what they lack in the national and essentialized spaces; namely the experience of diversity and the need to avoid the negative consequences of categorical, attributed belongings and identities that are embedded in the dominant citizenship institutions and structures. Multiple participation patterns of the respondents gave us the opportunity to address the interplays between different types of public spaces and the impacts of such interplays. We uncovered two dimensions of (mis)alignment. The first dimension indicates the presence of (1) a connection between the national (numeric and corporate channels) and glocal spaces, (2) a detachment between essentialized and other spaces. In other words, this dimension separates between (mis)alignments in essentialized spaces (ethnicaly and religiously-oriented public spaces) and in other public spaces. The second dimension indicates (1) a connection between essentialized and national spaces and (2) a detachment between glocal spaces and all the other public spaces. That is, this dimension separates between (mis)alignments in glocal spaces and in other types of public spaces. On the other hand, these two dimensions also measure the degree/intensity of alignments and misalignments. The first type of (mis)alignment is about those who are content with the responsiveness of both national and glocal spaces at the same time as they are discontent with the essentialized spaces. As this dimension is bipolar, the small scores on this dimension represent those who are discontent with national and glocal spaces and simultaneously content with the essentialized spaces. The second dimension is about those who are content with both the national and essentialized spaces at the same time as they are discontent with glocal spaces. Similarly, this dimension is also bipolar and its small values represent those who are content with glocal spaces’ responsiveness and discontent with national and essentialized spaces. Concerning the predictors of (mis)alignments, three models were tested – belonging, participation, and mobility models. In separate analyses, we found that respondents' multidimensional belonging patterns, multiple participation patterns, and the degree of their spatial and mental mobility impinge upon the (mis)alignments they experience in the public spaces that they attend. An almost dangerously concise summary of the 16
findings could only include certain illustrative examples of the obtained results, as follows: ● High degrees of political belonging – i.e. defining oneself primarily as a political being and/or finding the meaning of public life in being part of a political party, movement, or ideology is closely associated with high degrees of alignment in national and essentialized public spaces. ● High mobility of mind between different references of identification is tightly associated with high degrees of misalignment in national and essentialized public spaces. On the other hand, high mobility of mind is closely associated with high degrees of alignment in glocal spaces – i.e. contexts of deep diversity. ● High mobility of mind is tightly associated with high spatial mobility on the one hand, and on the other hand, with high level of attendance to glocal spaces – i.e. contexts of deep diversity. ● Mobility of mind is also an important factor shaping different belonging patterns. The predictors of (mis)alignments can at the first sight be perceived as significant factors that can be used to reduce/eliminate the misalignments between citizens’ preferences and the different public spaces’ ability to respond. However, as delineated in the following sections of this report, we also found that manipulating any one of these factors will result in elimination/reduction in one type of misalignment; and at the same time, it will result in intensification/reification of (an)other type(s) of misalignment. Glocalmig is an exploratory project, and its results are derived from very small samples from glocal sites in six European countries. The results should be regarded as a scientifically well-justified theory – a legitimate and alternative set of hypotheses – which should be investigated and tested further on a broader European basis. 3. Policy implications of the Glocalmig results Provided that the Glocalmig findings prove valid in the future through comprehensive qualitative and quantitative research in Europe proper, it will be fruitful both for the European Union and for these individuals that the Union encourage the further development of glocal spaces and the diversity mode of being that is being created in these sites. This may, on the one hand, help these individuals to feel more included, and on the other hand, provide legitimacy to the European Union amongst these groups. 17
Page 1 and 2: EU RESEARCH ON SOCIAL SCIENCES AND
Page 3 and 4: EUROPEAN COMMISSION EU RESEARCH ON
Page 5 and 6: Preface Within the Fifth Community
Page 7 and 8: Table of contents Preface v Aknowle
Page 9 and 10: Aknowledgements On behalf of the Un
Page 11 and 12: The above statement should be regar
Page 13 and 14: meticulously addressing the citizen
Page 15: contexts. Policy responses to socia
Page 19 and 20: the one hand and between participat
Page 21 and 22: collected during the country studie
Page 23 and 24: ● which existing national and int
Page 25 and 26: Table 1. The Countries and Groups u
Page 27 and 28: III. SCIENTIFIC DESCRIPTION OF PROJ
Page 29 and 30: The designs of the three research t
Page 31 and 32: diverse society. In other words, th
Page 33 and 34: citizenships (e.g. new problems, ne
Page 35 and 36: enefits in the state. 1 A claim of
Page 37 and 38: These anomalies require supplement
Page 39 and 40: Table 2. Notions of the Citizen in
Page 41 and 42: The dimensions that Glocalmig focus
Page 43 and 44: spheres of interaction, meaning, an
Page 45 and 46: Residence, Permanent Residence, Mat
Page 47 and 48: The major objection to a comparison
Page 49 and 50: Table 3. Measurement and Scaling Mo
Page 51 and 52: and individuals within the new cont
Page 53 and 54: the future. In this sense, the data
Page 55 and 56: 3) Acceptance, cooperation, and sym
Page 57 and 58: integration and intercultural learn
Page 59 and 60: Medborgerhuset can be translated in
Page 61 and 62: It seems that a lot of the explanat
Page 63 and 64: The absence of some categories in s
Page 65 and 66: In order to provide a conceptual st
Page 67 and 68:
2.2.4. Multidimensional belongings
Page 69 and 70:
1. Variable Principal Normalization
Page 71 and 72:
Dimension 5: European-territorial b
Page 73 and 74:
territories. This is an alignment b
Page 75 and 76:
voice and influence - national spac
Page 77 and 78:
Figure 7. Participation in Essentia
Page 79 and 80:
Figure 9. Respondents’ Geographic
Page 81 and 82:
2.2.7. Mobility of Minds - Psychic/
Page 83 and 84:
section is whether the degree of ge
Page 85 and 86:
On the other hand, increased “cro
Page 87 and 88:
Table 12. Alignments/Misalignments
Page 89 and 90:
extra-territorials are the most con
Page 91 and 92:
characteristics (belonging, partici
Page 93 and 94:
Concerning “alignments and misali
Page 95 and 96:
2.3.3. Spatial and mental mobility
Page 97 and 98:
Table 16. Explanatory Powers of the
Page 99 and 100:
Figure 12. Three Predictive Models
Page 101 and 102:
separates between essentialized spa
Page 103 and 104:
Fig. 14 illustrates the most import
Page 105 and 106:
country methods, especially in the
Page 107 and 108:
language skills, and organizational
Page 109 and 110:
is being created in these sites. Th
Page 111 and 112:
V. DISSEMINATION AND EXPLOITATION O
Page 113 and 114:
York-based publisher, Edwin Mellen
Page 115 and 116:
2003 Radical Transnationalism and T
Page 117 and 118:
Scientific report submitted to the
Page 119 and 120:
2. Dissemination by the Austrian Ac
Page 121 and 122:
Towards a political theory of migra
Page 123 and 124:
Teaching 2004 summer term: Course a
Page 125 and 126:
4. Dissemination by the Estonian In
Page 127 and 128:
6. Dissemination by the Central Eur
Page 129 and 130:
VI. REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 1.
Page 131 and 132:
Calhoun, Craig 1997, Nationalism. B
Page 133 and 134:
Horowitz, Donald L. 1985, Ethnic Gr
Page 135 and 136:
Ragin, Charles 1991, “The Problem
Page 137 and 138:
Taylor, Charles 1992, “Multicultu
Page 139:
European Commission EUR 23143 — E
Page 142:
KI-NA-23143-EN-N
show all

Migrants, Minorities, Belongings and Citizenship. Glocalization and ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?