Migrants, Minorities, Belongings and Citizenship. Glocalization and ...

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to be in an alternative environment of diversity. The motive of most third country nationals is to avoid the daily-life discrimination and interact with people who do not approach them with prejudice. The most important motive of most majority citizens attending glocal sites is the homogeneous and discriminatory (towards others) lifestyle dominant in their society at large. As to the historical native minorities, their primary motive seems to be to use the glocal sites’ infrastructural facilities (e.g. locales, etc.) in order to be able to conduct their own organizational activities as well as participation in some other activities such as courses (cf. Salmenhaara and Saksela 2004:64-65). Concerning this group, an interesting observation is that, with the exception of Finland, they barely participate in glocal sites as in most countries historical minorities have other channels of influence. Table 5 shows that also in Estonia historical native minorities have been included in the project. The Estonian findings can be interpreted as contradicting the above-listed findings. Lagerspetz and Joons report that: The ethnic groups [in Estonia] have mainly been able to mobilise persons with a will to develop a stronger ethnic identity. Many respondents see the mere fact of being together as something important as such. (Lagerspetz and Joons 2004:45) In the Estonian case, thus, participation in alternative channels of voice and participation proved to comprise a strong concern for ethnic identity formation, preservation and development. However, it should be borne in mind that the fieldwork sites selected in Estonia represent a certain type which is in transition from multicultural character to an intercultural and/or glocal one. Though, their characteristics are still different from what a glocal site represents and offers. 2.2.3. The respondents The point of departure for this study was five categories of persons. As illustrated in Table 5, in the course of the project we had to add two new categories: imperial new minorities and imperial historical minorities. Imperial minorities are defined as those persons/groups who were established in a state’s territory before the independence of that state and who were the citizens of the former empire. Amongst these, imperial new minorities are those who belong to the state-holding ethnic group in the former empire (e.g. Russians in Estonia). Imperial-historical minorities are defined as those imperial minorities who belong to ethnic/territorial groups other than the state-holding group in the former empire (e.g. Ukrainians, Byelorussians, etc in Estonia). 62
The absence of some categories in some countries is due to the fact that they are not represented in the fieldwork sites. Furthermore, the table excludes four respondents (one from Estonia, one from Hungary and two from Norway) because their responses to the questionnaire and/or the interview questions have led to substantial missing data. In some parts of the analysis, certain aspects of the data from Denmark have also been excluded due to missing or unreliable data caused by the lack of in-depth interviews. 63
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EU RESEARCH ON SOCIAL SCIENCES AND
Page 3 and 4:
EUROPEAN COMMISSION EU RESEARCH ON
Page 5 and 6:
Preface Within the Fifth Community
Page 7 and 8:
Table of contents Preface v Aknowle
Page 9 and 10:
Aknowledgements On behalf of the Un
Page 11 and 12: The above statement should be regar
Page 13 and 14: meticulously addressing the citizen
Page 15 and 16: contexts. Policy responses to socia
Page 17 and 18: findings could only include certain
Page 19 and 20: the one hand and between participat
Page 21 and 22: collected during the country studie
Page 23 and 24: ● which existing national and int
Page 25 and 26: Table 1. The Countries and Groups u
Page 27 and 28: III. SCIENTIFIC DESCRIPTION OF PROJ
Page 29 and 30: The designs of the three research t
Page 31 and 32: diverse society. In other words, th
Page 33 and 34: citizenships (e.g. new problems, ne
Page 35 and 36: enefits in the state. 1 A claim of
Page 37 and 38: These anomalies require supplement
Page 39 and 40: Table 2. Notions of the Citizen in
Page 41 and 42: The dimensions that Glocalmig focus
Page 43 and 44: spheres of interaction, meaning, an
Page 45 and 46: Residence, Permanent Residence, Mat
Page 47 and 48: The major objection to a comparison
Page 49 and 50: Table 3. Measurement and Scaling Mo
Page 51 and 52: and individuals within the new cont
Page 53 and 54: the future. In this sense, the data
Page 55 and 56: 3) Acceptance, cooperation, and sym
Page 57 and 58: integration and intercultural learn
Page 59 and 60: Medborgerhuset can be translated in
Page 61: It seems that a lot of the explanat
Page 65 and 66: In order to provide a conceptual st
Page 67 and 68: 2.2.4. Multidimensional belongings
Page 69 and 70: 1. Variable Principal Normalization
Page 71 and 72: Dimension 5: European-territorial b
Page 73 and 74: territories. This is an alignment b
Page 75 and 76: voice and influence - national spac
Page 77 and 78: Figure 7. Participation in Essentia
Page 79 and 80: Figure 9. Respondents’ Geographic
Page 81 and 82: 2.2.7. Mobility of Minds - Psychic/
Page 83 and 84: section is whether the degree of ge
Page 85 and 86: On the other hand, increased “cro
Page 87 and 88: Table 12. Alignments/Misalignments
Page 89 and 90: extra-territorials are the most con
Page 91 and 92: characteristics (belonging, partici
Page 93 and 94: Concerning “alignments and misali
Page 95 and 96: 2.3.3. Spatial and mental mobility
Page 97 and 98: Table 16. Explanatory Powers of the
Page 99 and 100: Figure 12. Three Predictive Models
Page 101 and 102: separates between essentialized spa
Page 103 and 104: Fig. 14 illustrates the most import
Page 105 and 106: country methods, especially in the
Page 107 and 108: language skills, and organizational
Page 109 and 110: is being created in these sites. Th
Page 111 and 112: V. DISSEMINATION AND EXPLOITATION O
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York-based publisher, Edwin Mellen
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2003 Radical Transnationalism and T
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Scientific report submitted to the
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2. Dissemination by the Austrian Ac
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Towards a political theory of migra
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Teaching 2004 summer term: Course a
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4. Dissemination by the Estonian In
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6. Dissemination by the Central Eur
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VI. REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 1.
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Calhoun, Craig 1997, Nationalism. B
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Horowitz, Donald L. 1985, Ethnic Gr
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Ragin, Charles 1991, “The Problem
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Taylor, Charles 1992, “Multicultu
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European Commission EUR 23143 — E
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KI-NA-23143-EN-N
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