Guidelines for the use of GNSS in surveying and mapping

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Table K2: Multipath Consideration Guideline Pt. 2 ref. Buildings and other structures cause reflection of GNSS signals. Locate control station positions away from structures, especially those with a sloping roof or other angled surface. Avoid areas and locations which may be susceptible to variable multipath, for example near road traffic. Use another survey method (e.g. total station) to get a position in a critical location. 5.2 Low elevation satellites, signal-to-noise ratios, receiver and antenna types all contribute to multipath. Be aware that in locations where multipath is present, it is good practice to carry out a standard test to verify the level of multipath. In locations where multipath is present and unavoidable, observe over as long a time as possible. Twice the recommended time given in section 1.3 above is a good guideline. 5.2 GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF GNSS IN LAND SURVEYING AND MAPPING |25
Table K3: Interference Consideration Guideline Pt. 2 ref. Jamming of GNSS signals can occur from other radio signal sources. Avoid locations where radio interference is present. Test during the planning phase at critical points. Avoid locations where radio interference might be present, e.g. near radio and television masts. 5.3.1 Electrical noise from machinery and electronics can cause problems to GNSS signals. Avoid locations where interference from machinery or electronics might be present. Design and observe control networks with sufficient redundancy to allow for the loss of baselines due to unexpected interference. 5.3.1 26 | GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF GNSS IN LAND SURVEYING AND MAPPING
Page 1 and 2: GN 13/2010 RICS Practice Standards,
Page 3 and 4: Published by the Royal Institution
Page 5 and 6: Appendices 59 A GNSS verification,
Page 7 and 8: Preface This second edition of the
Page 9 and 10: Part 1 - Guidelines 1 The role of G
Page 11 and 12: applications which are unsuitable f
Page 13 and 14: Table A: Control survey guidelines
Page 15 and 16: Table C: Positioning guidelines Gui
Page 17 and 18: Table D2: Survey methods - dynamic
Page 19 and 20: Table D3: Survey methods - dynamic
Page 21 and 22: 2.2 Surveyor’s procedures The sur
Page 23 and 24: Table F: Planning Guideline Explana
Page 25 and 26: Table H: Data processing Guideline
Page 27 and 28: Table 3.5: Reporting Guideline Expl
Page 29: Table K1: Atmospheric refraction -
Page 33 and 34: Part2-Technical commentary 4 GNSS s
Page 35 and 36: Although these observables have dif
Page 37 and 38: Historically, single-frequency stat
Page 39 and 40: 4.4 Real-time dynamic surveys With
Page 41 and 42: 5 Operational considerations Sectio
Page 43 and 44: Errors in the troposphere which are
Page 45 and 46: In addition, phase centre variation
Page 47 and 48: 6 Co-ordinate reference frames or s
Page 49 and 50: particular country’s geodetic ref
Page 51 and 52: 6.3.2 Transformations from ITRS89 e
Page 53 and 54: 6.3.5 Co-ordinate transformation is
Page 55 and 56: eceivers are observing at the same
Page 57 and 58: The field procedures adopted should
Page 59 and 60: 7.4.4 System initialisation Operati
Page 61 and 62: aw data. Advanced processing strate
Page 63 and 64: values with their computed precisio
Page 65 and 66: Appendix B: Information on receiver
Page 67 and 68: The following general information s
Page 69 and 70: Appendix E: Sample procedures relat
Page 71 and 72: tracking had been maintained. The i
Page 73 and 74: GPS (Global Positioning System) The
Page 75 and 76: or as the corrections that would be
Page 77 and 78: Simultaneous measurements Measureme
Page 79 and 80: Checklists for GNSS survey specific
Page 81 and 82:
76 | GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF GNSS
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