Guidelines for the use of GNSS in surveying and mapping

Contents
RICS guidance notes 1
Preface 2
Part 1 – Guidelines 4
1 The role of GNSS in surveying 5
1.1 GNSS in perspective 5
1.2 Survey types 6
1.3 Survey methods 6
Tables 8
2 GNSS survey documentation 15
2.1 Client specifications 15
2.2 Surveyor’s procedures 16
3 GNSS survey operations 17
3.1 Planning 17
3.2 Fieldwork and observations 17
3.3 Data processing 17
3.4 Co-ordinate systems 17
3.5 Reporting 17
3.6 Essential considerations for GNSS surveys 17
Tables 18
Part 2 – Technical commentary 28
4 GNSS survey methods 29
4.1 General principles 29
4.2 Static surveys 30
4.3 Dynamic surveys 33
4.4 Real-time dynamic surveys 34
5 Operational considerations 36
5.1 Atmospheric refraction 36
5.2 Multipath 38
5.3 Interference and other operational considerations 39
6 Co-ordinate reference frames 42
6.1 Description of the earth 42
6.2 Co-ordinate systems 43
6.3 Co-ordinate transformations 44
7 Quality issues 49
7.1 Survey planning 49
7.2 Survey design 49
7.3 Field procedures 50
7.4 Quality control of real-time systems 52
7.5 Office procedures 55
GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF GNSS IN LAND SURVEYING AND MAPPING | iii