Notional Field Development Final Report - EBN

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EBN Notional Field Development Plan • Utilizing mobile water treatment technologies to remove or reduce certain constituents that cause scaling and fouling with well completions. • Transport flowback water to permitted central treatment facilities for recycle or treatment prior to effluent discharge to permitted surface water sources. • Transport flow back and produce water for permitted brine well disposal (discussed in section below). The level of flowback/produced water treatment varies depending on the required flowback and produced water quality, fresh water quality and the proportion of each in the hydraulic fracture water blend. Operators are taking a stepped approach when they treat flowback and produced water for TSS, bacteria, Fe, Mg, Sr, Ba and TDS removal. Each Operator has their own specification for makeup of hydraulic fracture fluid. Most want to remove scaling chemicals which impact well production and equipment/piping maintenance. Figure 4-18. Reverse osmosis (RO) water treatment equipment Various flowback and produced water treatment technologies are available to the oil and gas industry. There are many treatment suppliers offering their technology treating flowback and produced water. © 2011 Halliburton All Rights Reserved 160
EBN Notional Field Development Plan The treatment options can differ in their inherent capability, setup facility requirements, capital costs, operating expense, and waste (sludge and brine concentrate) streams; all these factors can be important to the gas Operator. Some treatment technologies may have large space requirements that may not be possible in some gas well installations. Some technologies may be commercially available as small, skid-mounted mobile easy to move around units that easily can be relocated as production conditions change. Equipment costs are important in some installations where a large amount of dedicated equipment must be purchased for managing flowback and produced water. This section below describes various produced water technologies along with examples of how they are being implemented in the field. Bag Filtration – Bag filters are currently being used by Operators for removal of TSS from flowback and produced water before recycle. Spent filtrations bags are being disposed of at permitted landfills. Figure 4-19. Removal of total suspended solids (TSS) Physical/Chemical Separation – Some Operators are adding chemical reagents to react with dissolved heavy metals (Fe and Mg) to form insoluble hydroxide-based precipitates that can be removed with other suspended solids from the wastewater stream using clarification and/or filtration. Also the addition of other chemical reagents to react with barium and strontium to form sulfate-based precipitates that can be removed with other suspended solids from the wastewater stream using clarification and/or filtration. © 2011 Halliburton All Rights Reserved 161
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