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- 98 - including both old and recent materials . Karavaeva and Targul'yan (1963) suggest that there is a certain amount of migration of mobile humus substances into the deeper part of the soil, toward the frozen layer, in the spring . This is the season when the soil thaws and the level of surface water subsides . In the summer, however, migration of solutions toward the permafrost table occurs along the thermal gradient . Appendix I : Table 22 shows the increase not only of the organic matter but also of the calcium in an Ayhz horizon which has developed on top of the permafrost table . Karavaeva (1963) suggests also that the high organic matter content of the surface mineral horizon is due to the fact that the ratio of the surface to underground biomass weights of tundra vegetation is 1 :6 . The bulk of the underground biomass is found in the 0 to 18 cm surface layer . Most of the soils examined in the arctic region show very weak profile development . This is probably the result of : (1) a cold, harsh climate which provides very little opportunity for either chemical weathering, removal and addition of materials (Fedorova et al ., 1972) and (2) the action of cryoturbation which tends to dislocate and intermix materials which are produced by the other pedological processes . Thus, these soil forming processes give rise to new soil types which are typical of the subarctic and arctic regions .
- 9 9 - 10 . IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 10 .1 . Relating to General Scientific Information a . It is evident from this and other studies that the Canadian System of Soil Classification cannot adequately describe those soils which are affected by cryoturbation . It is the feeling of this author that it is necessary to modify the Canadian soil classification system to more adequately accommodate these soils . Therefore, the following classification changes (those which are underlined) in the present Canadian System of Soil Classification are recommended . 5 .2 Eutric Brunisol Great Group 5 .21 Orthic Eutric Brunisol 5 .22 Degraded Eutric Brunisol 5 .23 Alpine Eutric Brunisol 5 .2-/7 Cryic Eutric Brunisol 5 .2-/8 Gleyed Eutric Brunisol 5 .2-/9 Lithic Eutric Brunisol 5 .2-/10 Turbic Eutric Brunisol 5 .4 Dystric 5 .41 5 .42 5 .43 5 .4-/7 5 .4-/8 5 .4-/9 5 .4-/10 Brunisol Great Group Orthic Dystric Brunisol Degraded Dystric Brunisol Alpine Dystric Brunisol Cryic Dystric Brunisol Gleyed Dystric Brunisol Lithic Dystric Brunisol Turbic Dystric B runisol 6 .1 Regosol 6 .11 6 .12 6 .1-/5 6 .1-/7 6 .1-/8 6 .1-/9 6 .1-/10 Great Group Orthic Regosol Cumulic Regosol Saline Regosol Cryic Regosol Gleyed Regosol Lithic Regosol Turbic Re-gosol
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SOILS OF THE MACKENZIE RIVER AREA b
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 . SUMMARY . . .
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TABLES Table 1 Page Mean monthly te
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Page Plate 6 A . Non-sorted stripes
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1 . SUMMARY Soils were examined in
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soils . Soils were classified accor
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4 . STUDY AREA 4 .1 . Location The
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Be aufort 70 135- Sea 65 - 135- -ST
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- 10 - (Brown, 1965) having an insi
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6 . CLIMATICALLY SIGNIFICANT ECOLOG
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Except under shallow lakes and pond
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soils are found on all poorly drain
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Table 3 Summary of Description of Z
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7 . DISTRIBUTION OF SOILS The distr
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1 Table 4 (cont'd) Map Symbol+ Name
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I Table 4 (cont'd) Map Name Parent
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- 27 - 8 . DESCRIPTION OF SOILS 8 .
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- 29 - C . Fen Peat This type of pe
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- 31 - Table 5 . Rate of Accumulati
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- 3 3 - tiers (see The System of So
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- 3 5 - Profile T5A Cryic Mesisol (
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- 37 - PATTERNED FEN Landform ô N
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_3g_ Plate 2 A . Peat polygons, sit
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A . Vegetation on a peat polygon, s
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- 4 3 - content, especially the Ca
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- 4 5 - Ice Content % On A Volume B
Page 55 and 56: - 4 7 - crystals and thin vein ice
Page 57 and 58: - 4 9 - Collapse Scar I Peat Platea
Page 59 and 60: Vegetation : Soil Landform= Black S
Page 61 and 62: -53- the other hand, the peat occur
Page 63 and 64: 40 A . Core sample of perennially f
Page 65 and 66: - 57- ice lenses and vein ice up to
Page 67 and 68: - 59- Bt- 10 to 23 cm, dark yellowi
Page 69 and 70: moderately sloping topography ; on
Page 71 and 72: - 6 3 - plains, glacio-fluvial plai
Page 73 and 74: - 6 5 - Profile R 166 Cryic Orthic
Page 75 and 76: cm 100r Vegetation : Lichen -Voccin
Page 77 and 78: - 69- Alpine Eutric Brunisol These
Page 79 and 80: Vegetation Ericaceous - Lichen - Mo
Page 81 and 82: - 7 3 - expressed (Ae) eluvial hori
Page 83 and 84: - 75 - Profile ZT16 Cryic Orthic Dy
Page 85 and 86: Vegetation Lichen - Voccinium - Car
Page 87 and 88: _ 79 _ Plate 9 A . Cryoturbed Cryic
Page 89 and 90: Topography : Brunisols developed on
Page 91 and 92: - 83 - C . rangiferina), feather mo
Page 93 and 94: - 85- air voids due to frost action
Page 95 and 96: . -87- Profile B70B Lithic Orthic R
Page 97 and 98: - 89- Rego Gleysol These soils have
Page 99 and 100: _ 91 _ 8 .2 .2 . Ice Content of Min
Page 101 and 102: - 9 3 - Another site was sampled on
Page 103 and 104: -95- The chemical composition of th
Page 105: - 9 7 - physical and chemical chara
Page 109 and 110: c . Very little information is avai
Page 111 and 112: - 103 - 11 . REFERENCES 1 . Atkinso
Page 113 and 114: - 105 - 24 . Pounder, E .R . 1965 .
Page 115 and 116: Appendix I : Table 1 . Analysis of
Page 117 and 118: Appendix I " Table 3 . Analysis of
Page 119 and 120: I r N Appendix I : Table 5 . Analys
Page 121 and 122: Appendix I " Table 7 . Analysis of
Page 125 and 126: Appendix I : Table It . Analysis of
Page 135 and 136: Appendix I : Table 21, Analysis of
Page 141 and 142: Appendix II . Analysis of Water Sam
Page 143: - 136 - Appendix III . (con't .) Si
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