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- 100- 7 .2 Gleysol Great Group 7 .21 Orthic Gleysol 7 .22 Rego Gleysol 7 .23 Fera Gleysol 7 .2-/5 Saline Gleysol 7 .2-/6 Carbonated Gleysol 7 .2-/7 Cryic Gleysol 7 .2-/9 Lithic Gleysol 7 .2-/10 Turbic Gleysol Thus, soils showing such effects of cryoturbation (indicated by cryoturbed horizon "y") as disrupted horizons, displacement, and incorporation of organic and other materials in the active layer through frost action, asterisk (*) and typical patterned ground associations (denoted by an in the report) would be termed Turbic according to the great group to which they belong . For example : profile ZT16 would, according to the recommended system, be called Turbic Cryic Dystric Brunisol ; profile B70B, Turbic Lithic Orthic Regosol and ; profile ZT6, Turbic Cryic Rego Gleysol . b . Soil temperatures obtained in the Upper Mackenzie River area indicate that most of the frozen soils have a temperature of 0° C or slightly lower . This indicates that various amounts of unfrozen water are present in the frozen system . This unfrozen water greatly influences the thermal properties, load bearing capacity and, not the least, the sensitivity of soil to disturbance . It is recommended that studies be carried out to determine the relationship between the amount of unfrozen water in frozen soils and such factors as temperature, texture, and soil type .
c . Very little information is available concerning the soil forming processes in the Canadian subarctic and arctic regions . This is especially true of cryoturbation which is probably one of the most important factors . Cryoturbation affects not only the development of the soil but also distribution of vegetation and the stability of terrain . It is recommended that soil scientists study this process jointly with ecologists to determine the effect of cryoturbation on the ecosystem . d . In ecological studies, such as the study of plant succession and re-establishment of vegetative cover on disturbed areas, soil scientists should be involved together with ecologists and botanists . Soil scientists would provide information relevant to plant growth . This would include the physical (texture, structure) and chemical (nutrient content, pH) properties of the soils as well as its moisture content, depth of active layer, soil temperature, ice content and the degree of cryoturbation . e . Panchromatic, small-scale black and white photographs which were taken in the mid-1950's were used to conduct soil studies . If reconnaissance surveys and other environmental studies are to be undertaken in the future some funds and preplanning must be directed towards obtaining higher quality, recent, multispectral aerial photography and other remote sensing data . Studies carried out in other areas using recent remote sensing data were more accurate and provided greater amounts of terrain information than was obtained using old panchromatic, small-scale, black and white photographs .
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SOILS OF THE MACKENZIE RIVER AREA b
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 . SUMMARY . . .
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TABLES Table 1 Page Mean monthly te
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Page Plate 6 A . Non-sorted stripes
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1 . SUMMARY Soils were examined in
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soils . Soils were classified accor
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4 . STUDY AREA 4 .1 . Location The
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Be aufort 70 135- Sea 65 - 135- -ST
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- 10 - (Brown, 1965) having an insi
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6 . CLIMATICALLY SIGNIFICANT ECOLOG
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Except under shallow lakes and pond
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soils are found on all poorly drain
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Table 3 Summary of Description of Z
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7 . DISTRIBUTION OF SOILS The distr
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1 Table 4 (cont'd) Map Symbol+ Name
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I Table 4 (cont'd) Map Name Parent
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- 27 - 8 . DESCRIPTION OF SOILS 8 .
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- 29 - C . Fen Peat This type of pe
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- 31 - Table 5 . Rate of Accumulati
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- 3 3 - tiers (see The System of So
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- 3 5 - Profile T5A Cryic Mesisol (
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- 37 - PATTERNED FEN Landform ô N
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_3g_ Plate 2 A . Peat polygons, sit
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A . Vegetation on a peat polygon, s
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- 4 3 - content, especially the Ca
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- 4 5 - Ice Content % On A Volume B
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- 4 7 - crystals and thin vein ice
Page 57 and 58: - 4 9 - Collapse Scar I Peat Platea
Page 59 and 60: Vegetation : Soil Landform= Black S
Page 61 and 62: -53- the other hand, the peat occur
Page 63 and 64: 40 A . Core sample of perennially f
Page 65 and 66: - 57- ice lenses and vein ice up to
Page 67 and 68: - 59- Bt- 10 to 23 cm, dark yellowi
Page 69 and 70: moderately sloping topography ; on
Page 71 and 72: - 6 3 - plains, glacio-fluvial plai
Page 73 and 74: - 6 5 - Profile R 166 Cryic Orthic
Page 75 and 76: cm 100r Vegetation : Lichen -Voccin
Page 77 and 78: - 69- Alpine Eutric Brunisol These
Page 79 and 80: Vegetation Ericaceous - Lichen - Mo
Page 81 and 82: - 7 3 - expressed (Ae) eluvial hori
Page 83 and 84: - 75 - Profile ZT16 Cryic Orthic Dy
Page 85 and 86: Vegetation Lichen - Voccinium - Car
Page 87 and 88: _ 79 _ Plate 9 A . Cryoturbed Cryic
Page 89 and 90: Topography : Brunisols developed on
Page 91 and 92: - 83 - C . rangiferina), feather mo
Page 93 and 94: - 85- air voids due to frost action
Page 95 and 96: . -87- Profile B70B Lithic Orthic R
Page 97 and 98: - 89- Rego Gleysol These soils have
Page 99 and 100: _ 91 _ 8 .2 .2 . Ice Content of Min
Page 101 and 102: - 9 3 - Another site was sampled on
Page 103 and 104: -95- The chemical composition of th
Page 105 and 106: - 9 7 - physical and chemical chara
Page 107: - 9 9 - 10 . IMPLICATIONS AND RECOM
Page 111 and 112: - 103 - 11 . REFERENCES 1 . Atkinso
Page 113 and 114: - 105 - 24 . Pounder, E .R . 1965 .
Page 115 and 116: Appendix I : Table 1 . Analysis of
Page 117 and 118: Appendix I " Table 3 . Analysis of
Page 119 and 120: I r N Appendix I : Table 5 . Analys
Page 121 and 122: Appendix I " Table 7 . Analysis of
Page 125 and 126: Appendix I : Table It . Analysis of
Page 135 and 136: Appendix I : Table 21, Analysis of
Page 141 and 142: Appendix II . Analysis of Water Sam
Page 143: - 136 - Appendix III . (con't .) Si
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