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- 88 - sloping topography ; on alluvial fans a gently to moderately sloping topography ; and on colluvial deposits a gently to steeply sloping, irregular topography . Vegetation : The vegetation on alluvial floodplains as described by Jeffrey (1964) is composed dominantly of the Salix , Salix-Alnus , Populus-Alnus , Balsam poplar - white spruce - Equisetum and white spruce-birch-poplar types of vegetation . The vegetation on alluvial fan deposits is dominantly Salix , Salix-Alnus , and white spruce mixed with broadleaf tree species . The vegetation on colluvial deposits is of the alpine tundra type above the timberline while the timberline forest is composed dominantly of alpine fir and white spruce . Phys ical and Chemical Characteristics : Most of the Regosolic soils are very shallow because they are composed of either shallow material over bedrock or young soil on recently deposited materials . These soils are slightly acid to neutral in reaction and their texture varies from coarse to moderately fine . 8 .2 .1 .4 Gleysols The Gleysols consist of soils which are saturated with water and are under reducing conditions either continuously or during some period of the year .
- 89- Rego Gleysol These soils have either no Ah horizon or an Ah horizon up to 8 cm thick and they also lack a B horizon . The L-H horizon is welldeveloped sphagnum or forest peat . Rego Gleysols are very common throughout the study area . Cryic Reg o- Gleysol The permafrost table occurs in the control section of these Rego Gleysols and is very often found just below the surface peat layer . These soils cover large areas and are commonly found under a stunted open black spruce type of vegetation . A representative profile of Cryic Rego Gleysol developed on fine-textured till material is described below : Profile R170, Cryic Rego Gleysol (Appendix I : Table 25 & Plate 11) L-F- 18 to 0 cm, dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2, moist), woody forest peat ; extremely acid ; clear, wavy boundary . Cg- 0 to 22 cm, very dark gray (5Y 3/1, moist), silty clay loam ; weak medium subangular blocky to amorphous ; sticky, slightly plastic ; firm when moist, hard when dry ; medium acid ; clear, smooth boundary . Cgz- 22 to 52 cm, very dark gray (5Y 3/1, moist), frozen silty clay ; vein ice, ice crystals ; ice content approximately 55 percent ; very slightly cryoturbed . Cryic Re o Gleysol* These Cryic Rego Gleysols affected by cryoturbation are found on patterned ground . A representative profile of a cryoturbed Cryic Rego Gleysol, sampled on a hummock in the Norman Wells area, is described below : * Influenced by cryoturbation .
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SOILS OF THE MACKENZIE RIVER AREA b
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 . SUMMARY . . .
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TABLES Table 1 Page Mean monthly te
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Page Plate 6 A . Non-sorted stripes
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1 . SUMMARY Soils were examined in
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soils . Soils were classified accor
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4 . STUDY AREA 4 .1 . Location The
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Be aufort 70 135- Sea 65 - 135- -ST
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- 10 - (Brown, 1965) having an insi
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6 . CLIMATICALLY SIGNIFICANT ECOLOG
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Except under shallow lakes and pond
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soils are found on all poorly drain
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Table 3 Summary of Description of Z
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7 . DISTRIBUTION OF SOILS The distr
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1 Table 4 (cont'd) Map Symbol+ Name
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I Table 4 (cont'd) Map Name Parent
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- 27 - 8 . DESCRIPTION OF SOILS 8 .
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- 29 - C . Fen Peat This type of pe
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- 31 - Table 5 . Rate of Accumulati
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- 3 3 - tiers (see The System of So
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- 3 5 - Profile T5A Cryic Mesisol (
Page 45 and 46: - 37 - PATTERNED FEN Landform ô N
Page 47 and 48: _3g_ Plate 2 A . Peat polygons, sit
Page 49 and 50: A . Vegetation on a peat polygon, s
Page 51 and 52: - 4 3 - content, especially the Ca
Page 53 and 54: - 4 5 - Ice Content % On A Volume B
Page 55 and 56: - 4 7 - crystals and thin vein ice
Page 57 and 58: - 4 9 - Collapse Scar I Peat Platea
Page 59 and 60: Vegetation : Soil Landform= Black S
Page 61 and 62: -53- the other hand, the peat occur
Page 63 and 64: 40 A . Core sample of perennially f
Page 65 and 66: - 57- ice lenses and vein ice up to
Page 67 and 68: - 59- Bt- 10 to 23 cm, dark yellowi
Page 69 and 70: moderately sloping topography ; on
Page 71 and 72: - 6 3 - plains, glacio-fluvial plai
Page 73 and 74: - 6 5 - Profile R 166 Cryic Orthic
Page 75 and 76: cm 100r Vegetation : Lichen -Voccin
Page 77 and 78: - 69- Alpine Eutric Brunisol These
Page 79 and 80: Vegetation Ericaceous - Lichen - Mo
Page 81 and 82: - 7 3 - expressed (Ae) eluvial hori
Page 83 and 84: - 75 - Profile ZT16 Cryic Orthic Dy
Page 85 and 86: Vegetation Lichen - Voccinium - Car
Page 87 and 88: _ 79 _ Plate 9 A . Cryoturbed Cryic
Page 89 and 90: Topography : Brunisols developed on
Page 91 and 92: - 83 - C . rangiferina), feather mo
Page 93 and 94: - 85- air voids due to frost action
Page 95: . -87- Profile B70B Lithic Orthic R
Page 99 and 100: _ 91 _ 8 .2 .2 . Ice Content of Min
Page 101 and 102: - 9 3 - Another site was sampled on
Page 103 and 104: -95- The chemical composition of th
Page 105 and 106: - 9 7 - physical and chemical chara
Page 107 and 108: - 9 9 - 10 . IMPLICATIONS AND RECOM
Page 109 and 110: c . Very little information is avai
Page 111 and 112: - 103 - 11 . REFERENCES 1 . Atkinso
Page 113 and 114: - 105 - 24 . Pounder, E .R . 1965 .
Page 115 and 116: Appendix I : Table 1 . Analysis of
Page 117 and 118: Appendix I " Table 3 . Analysis of
Page 119 and 120: I r N Appendix I : Table 5 . Analys
Page 121 and 122: Appendix I " Table 7 . Analysis of
Page 125 and 126: Appendix I : Table It . Analysis of
Page 135 and 136: Appendix I : Table 21, Analysis of
Page 141 and 142: Appendix II . Analysis of Water Sam
Page 143: - 136 - Appendix III . (con't .) Si
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