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- 50 - Ofz3- 212 to 260 cm, black (l0YR 2/1, moist), undecomposed frozen Drepanocladus fen peat ; ice crystals and vein ice ; ice content approximately 75 percent ; unrubbed fiber content 72 percent ; clear, wavy boundary . IICgz- 260 to 290 cm, dark gray (5Y 4/1, moist) ; frozen, clay loam ; medium acid ; ice content approximately 75 percent . Fibrisols developed from sphagnum peat or undecomposed Drepanocladus-fen peat materials . These soils are associated with unfrozen bogs and fens and are mapped as bogs or bog-fen complexes . The most common organic soil associated with these peatlands is Typic Fibrisol . Vegetation : The vegetation on the perennially frozen Fibrisols, which are found on peat plateaus and palsas (Figures 7 and 8), is dominated by a stunted black spruce tree layer . The shrub layer is dominated by Ledum groenlandicum, L . decumbens , Empetrum nigrum, Rubus chamaemorus and Oxycoccus microcarpus . The moss layer is dominated by Sphagnum fuscum but some of the feathermoss species are also present . The most common lichen species are Cladonia alpestris , C . rangiferina and C . cornuta . Here again, the tree cover on the peat plateaus and palsas found in Zone 6S.,is moderately dense black spruce . Further north, in Zones 4, 5 and 6N, the black spruce is more open and lichen cover becomes dominant . In the northern portions of the study area (Zones 2 and 3) these peatlands are covered with a very open black spruce-lichen type of vegetation . The vegetation on Fibrisols associated with peat polygons is
Vegetation : Soil Landform= Black Spruce- Ledum Type Cryic Fbrisol Wooded Peat Plateau Corex-Sphagnum Type Typic Mesisol Fen T 7B Unfrozen Till Landform Peat Plateau Collapse Scar I Polsa I Collapse Scar Peat Plat. Vegetation : Black Spruce- Ledurn Soil Cryic Mesisol Sphagnum f. Sphagnum r. I Sphagnum r.ISphogf. I Oxycoccus- I Sphagf . Sphag r. I Sphog f . Block Spruce Ledum dec . Ledium Typic Mesisol I Cryic Mesisol I Typic Mesisol I Cryic Fbrisol T 58 ! Perénnioll `~-~% Frozen ,~_~easonaYuF _~_r9TSCle, ot Peat Figure 8 . Cross-section of a wooded palsa-fen area (site T7) and of a peat plateau-collapse scar area with a young palsa (site T5) .
Page 2 and 3:
SOILS OF THE MACKENZIE RIVER AREA b
Page 4 and 5:
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 . SUMMARY . . .
Page 6 and 7:
TABLES Table 1 Page Mean monthly te
Page 8 and 9: Page Plate 6 A . Non-sorted stripes
Page 10 and 11: 1 . SUMMARY Soils were examined in
Page 12 and 13: soils . Soils were classified accor
Page 14 and 15: 4 . STUDY AREA 4 .1 . Location The
Page 16 and 17: Be aufort 70 135- Sea 65 - 135- -ST
Page 18 and 19: - 10 - (Brown, 1965) having an insi
Page 20: 6 . CLIMATICALLY SIGNIFICANT ECOLOG
Page 23 and 24: Except under shallow lakes and pond
Page 25 and 26: soils are found on all poorly drain
Page 27 and 28: Table 3 Summary of Description of Z
Page 29 and 30: 7 . DISTRIBUTION OF SOILS The distr
Page 31 and 32: 1 Table 4 (cont'd) Map Symbol+ Name
Page 33 and 34: I Table 4 (cont'd) Map Name Parent
Page 35 and 36: - 27 - 8 . DESCRIPTION OF SOILS 8 .
Page 37 and 38: - 29 - C . Fen Peat This type of pe
Page 39 and 40: - 31 - Table 5 . Rate of Accumulati
Page 41 and 42: - 3 3 - tiers (see The System of So
Page 43 and 44: - 3 5 - Profile T5A Cryic Mesisol (
Page 45 and 46: - 37 - PATTERNED FEN Landform ô N
Page 47 and 48: _3g_ Plate 2 A . Peat polygons, sit
Page 49 and 50: A . Vegetation on a peat polygon, s
Page 51 and 52: - 4 3 - content, especially the Ca
Page 53 and 54: - 4 5 - Ice Content % On A Volume B
Page 55 and 56: - 4 7 - crystals and thin vein ice
Page 57: - 4 9 - Collapse Scar I Peat Platea
Page 61 and 62: -53- the other hand, the peat occur
Page 63 and 64: 40 A . Core sample of perennially f
Page 65 and 66: - 57- ice lenses and vein ice up to
Page 67 and 68: - 59- Bt- 10 to 23 cm, dark yellowi
Page 69 and 70: moderately sloping topography ; on
Page 71 and 72: - 6 3 - plains, glacio-fluvial plai
Page 73 and 74: - 6 5 - Profile R 166 Cryic Orthic
Page 75 and 76: cm 100r Vegetation : Lichen -Voccin
Page 77 and 78: - 69- Alpine Eutric Brunisol These
Page 79 and 80: Vegetation Ericaceous - Lichen - Mo
Page 81 and 82: - 7 3 - expressed (Ae) eluvial hori
Page 83 and 84: - 75 - Profile ZT16 Cryic Orthic Dy
Page 85 and 86: Vegetation Lichen - Voccinium - Car
Page 87 and 88: _ 79 _ Plate 9 A . Cryoturbed Cryic
Page 89 and 90: Topography : Brunisols developed on
Page 91 and 92: - 83 - C . rangiferina), feather mo
Page 93 and 94: - 85- air voids due to frost action
Page 95 and 96: . -87- Profile B70B Lithic Orthic R
Page 97 and 98: - 89- Rego Gleysol These soils have
Page 99 and 100: _ 91 _ 8 .2 .2 . Ice Content of Min
Page 101 and 102: - 9 3 - Another site was sampled on
Page 103 and 104: -95- The chemical composition of th
Page 105 and 106: - 9 7 - physical and chemical chara
Page 107 and 108: - 9 9 - 10 . IMPLICATIONS AND RECOM
Page 109 and 110:
c . Very little information is avai
Page 111 and 112:
- 103 - 11 . REFERENCES 1 . Atkinso
Page 113 and 114:
- 105 - 24 . Pounder, E .R . 1965 .
Page 115 and 116:
Appendix I : Table 1 . Analysis of
Page 117 and 118:
Appendix I " Table 3 . Analysis of
Page 119 and 120:
I r N Appendix I : Table 5 . Analys
Page 121 and 122:
Appendix I " Table 7 . Analysis of
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Appendix I : Table It . Analysis of
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Appendix I : Table 21, Analysis of
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Appendix II . Analysis of Water Sam
Page 143:
- 136 - Appendix III . (con't .) Si
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