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- 44- The soil temperature of the perennially frozen peat layers was found to be 0° C . This agrees with the results of soil temperatures taken in northern Manitoba under similar conditions . Ice Content : Mesisols have developed in a wet environment and thus, in the perennially frozen state, they are always associated with high amounts of ice . The ice is generally found to be in the form of segregated ice crystals, vein ice, and small ice lenses (see Plate 4A) . These soils, in areas of widespread permafrost, are sometimes associated with pure ice bodies in the form of ice layers or ice wedges . The ice content usually ranges between 60 percent and 80 percent on a volume basis in Mesisols associated with peat plateaus and palsas (Figures 5 and 6) . On the other hand, some peatlands around the Wrigley area (site T29B) are higher in ice and a layer or layers of pure ice are found (Figure 6) . Mesisols associated with peat polygons are higher in ice content than those associated with palsas and peat plateaus . Here, large amounts of ice are found in the form of active and buried ice wedges (Figure 5 and Plates 2B and 3B) . The underlying fine-textured till material usually has the same amount of ice as the frozen peat layer (Figure 6, T29B) . The ice here, however, is mainly of the thicker ice lens and vein ice types (see Plate 4B) . This is reflected in the doming of these perennially frozen areas . The cross-section shows that the doming is mainly the result of the more extensive ice lens and vein ice formation in the underlying mineral material and to a lesser extent to the high ice content frozen peat whose ice is mainly in the form of ice
- 4 5 - Ice Content % On A Volume Basis Ice Content % On A Volume Basis 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100 100 120 140 160 Frozen Peat Unfrozen Peat 20 = - - ----- - - - 20 ~ E 40 U 40- L 60 60- ô 80 80 100- T15C Unfrozen Frozen Peat Peat E V 0 0 180 200 200 20 Ice Content % On A Volume Basis 20 40 60 80 100 Unfrozen Peat 240 260 280 300 40 E 60 Frozen Peat L y 80 100 320 120 L-- 0 20 40 60 Ice Content % On A Volume Basis 20 40 60 80 100% Unfrozen Peat Ice Content %, On A Volume Basis 0 70 40 _ 60 20 40 Unfrozen Frozen 60 Peat Peat 80 100 80 80 E U L n d 0 100 120 140 E U L na> 0 100 120 140 Ice 160 180 160 180 r- Frozen Till 200 200 220 240 260 Frozen Sand Figure 5 . Ice content of Cryic Mesisols . Sites T2, T15A, T15C and T36C are located on a peat plateau while site T35B is located in a peat polygon trench .
Page 2 and 3: SOILS OF THE MACKENZIE RIVER AREA b
Page 4 and 5: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 . SUMMARY . . .
Page 6 and 7: TABLES Table 1 Page Mean monthly te
Page 8 and 9: Page Plate 6 A . Non-sorted stripes
Page 10 and 11: 1 . SUMMARY Soils were examined in
Page 12 and 13: soils . Soils were classified accor
Page 14 and 15: 4 . STUDY AREA 4 .1 . Location The
Page 16 and 17: Be aufort 70 135- Sea 65 - 135- -ST
Page 18 and 19: - 10 - (Brown, 1965) having an insi
Page 20: 6 . CLIMATICALLY SIGNIFICANT ECOLOG
Page 23 and 24: Except under shallow lakes and pond
Page 25 and 26: soils are found on all poorly drain
Page 27 and 28: Table 3 Summary of Description of Z
Page 29 and 30: 7 . DISTRIBUTION OF SOILS The distr
Page 31 and 32: 1 Table 4 (cont'd) Map Symbol+ Name
Page 33 and 34: I Table 4 (cont'd) Map Name Parent
Page 35 and 36: - 27 - 8 . DESCRIPTION OF SOILS 8 .
Page 37 and 38: - 29 - C . Fen Peat This type of pe
Page 39 and 40: - 31 - Table 5 . Rate of Accumulati
Page 41 and 42: - 3 3 - tiers (see The System of So
Page 43 and 44: - 3 5 - Profile T5A Cryic Mesisol (
Page 45 and 46: - 37 - PATTERNED FEN Landform ô N
Page 47 and 48: _3g_ Plate 2 A . Peat polygons, sit
Page 49 and 50: A . Vegetation on a peat polygon, s
Page 51: - 4 3 - content, especially the Ca
Page 55 and 56: - 4 7 - crystals and thin vein ice
Page 57 and 58: - 4 9 - Collapse Scar I Peat Platea
Page 59 and 60: Vegetation : Soil Landform= Black S
Page 61 and 62: -53- the other hand, the peat occur
Page 63 and 64: 40 A . Core sample of perennially f
Page 65 and 66: - 57- ice lenses and vein ice up to
Page 67 and 68: - 59- Bt- 10 to 23 cm, dark yellowi
Page 69 and 70: moderately sloping topography ; on
Page 71 and 72: - 6 3 - plains, glacio-fluvial plai
Page 73 and 74: - 6 5 - Profile R 166 Cryic Orthic
Page 75 and 76: cm 100r Vegetation : Lichen -Voccin
Page 77 and 78: - 69- Alpine Eutric Brunisol These
Page 79 and 80: Vegetation Ericaceous - Lichen - Mo
Page 81 and 82: - 7 3 - expressed (Ae) eluvial hori
Page 83 and 84: - 75 - Profile ZT16 Cryic Orthic Dy
Page 85 and 86: Vegetation Lichen - Voccinium - Car
Page 87 and 88: _ 79 _ Plate 9 A . Cryoturbed Cryic
Page 89 and 90: Topography : Brunisols developed on
Page 91 and 92: - 83 - C . rangiferina), feather mo
Page 93 and 94: - 85- air voids due to frost action
Page 95 and 96: . -87- Profile B70B Lithic Orthic R
Page 97 and 98: - 89- Rego Gleysol These soils have
Page 99 and 100: _ 91 _ 8 .2 .2 . Ice Content of Min
Page 101 and 102: - 9 3 - Another site was sampled on
Page 103 and 104:
-95- The chemical composition of th
Page 105 and 106:
- 9 7 - physical and chemical chara
Page 107 and 108:
- 9 9 - 10 . IMPLICATIONS AND RECOM
Page 109 and 110:
c . Very little information is avai
Page 111 and 112:
- 103 - 11 . REFERENCES 1 . Atkinso
Page 113 and 114:
- 105 - 24 . Pounder, E .R . 1965 .
Page 115 and 116:
Appendix I : Table 1 . Analysis of
Page 117 and 118:
Appendix I " Table 3 . Analysis of
Page 119 and 120:
I r N Appendix I : Table 5 . Analys
Page 121 and 122:
Appendix I " Table 7 . Analysis of
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Appendix I : Table It . Analysis of
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Appendix I : Table 21, Analysis of
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Appendix II . Analysis of Water Sam
Page 143:
- 136 - Appendix III . (con't .) Si
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