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Be aufort 70 135- Sea 65 - 135- -STUDY AREA BOUNDARY 0 E 130° 100 MILES 8 125° 70° 60 125' Great Bear British columbia 120° 65° 120° Alberta x 1150 -o Fort Prôvidenc 60° Slave Great Lake Figure 1 . Map indicating the three areas where soil studies were carried out in the Mackenzie River basin during the 1972 field season .
5 . METHODS 5 .1 . Field Methods In the southern area around Nahanni Butte, Fort Simpson and Wrigley the objective of the study was to characterize the soils according to landforms, surface deposits and drainage . This was carried out in two steps : (1) Traverses were made with the G .S .C . mapper along selected routes to collect as much information as possible about terrain and the distribution of soils, drainage and vegetation . During the stops, soils were examined and described and the vegetation, drainage and permafrost conditions were also noted . Some of the soils were sampled and described at this time . (2) While on traverse, representative areas were selected and, at these sites, detailed ground work was carried out . Surficial mapping was carried out by the Geological Survey of Canada mapper and is based on landforms . Most of the soil sampling was carried out along surveyed transects, with special emphasis given to peatlands and perennially frozen mineral soils . The locationsof the transects were carefully selected so that they crossed representative areas and showed relationships of adjacent landforms . Cross-sections were then drawn and vegetation and drainage were described according to landforms . Sites for soil sampling were selected and their locations were indicated on the transect . Soils were identified and described and samples were collected for laboratory analyses . Unfrozen soils were examined in soil pits while perennially frozen organic and fine textured mineral soils were penetrated and sampled with a Hoffer probe
Page 2 and 3: SOILS OF THE MACKENZIE RIVER AREA b
Page 4 and 5: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 . SUMMARY . . .
Page 6 and 7: TABLES Table 1 Page Mean monthly te
Page 8 and 9: Page Plate 6 A . Non-sorted stripes
Page 10 and 11: 1 . SUMMARY Soils were examined in
Page 12 and 13: soils . Soils were classified accor
Page 14 and 15: 4 . STUDY AREA 4 .1 . Location The
Page 18 and 19: - 10 - (Brown, 1965) having an insi
Page 20: 6 . CLIMATICALLY SIGNIFICANT ECOLOG
Page 23 and 24: Except under shallow lakes and pond
Page 25 and 26: soils are found on all poorly drain
Page 27 and 28: Table 3 Summary of Description of Z
Page 29 and 30: 7 . DISTRIBUTION OF SOILS The distr
Page 31 and 32: 1 Table 4 (cont'd) Map Symbol+ Name
Page 33 and 34: I Table 4 (cont'd) Map Name Parent
Page 35 and 36: - 27 - 8 . DESCRIPTION OF SOILS 8 .
Page 37 and 38: - 29 - C . Fen Peat This type of pe
Page 39 and 40: - 31 - Table 5 . Rate of Accumulati
Page 41 and 42: - 3 3 - tiers (see The System of So
Page 43 and 44: - 3 5 - Profile T5A Cryic Mesisol (
Page 45 and 46: - 37 - PATTERNED FEN Landform ô N
Page 47 and 48: _3g_ Plate 2 A . Peat polygons, sit
Page 49 and 50: A . Vegetation on a peat polygon, s
Page 51 and 52: - 4 3 - content, especially the Ca
Page 53 and 54: - 4 5 - Ice Content % On A Volume B
Page 55 and 56: - 4 7 - crystals and thin vein ice
Page 57 and 58: - 4 9 - Collapse Scar I Peat Platea
Page 59 and 60: Vegetation : Soil Landform= Black S
Page 61 and 62: -53- the other hand, the peat occur
Page 63 and 64: 40 A . Core sample of perennially f
Page 65 and 66: - 57- ice lenses and vein ice up to
Page 67 and 68:
- 59- Bt- 10 to 23 cm, dark yellowi
Page 69 and 70:
moderately sloping topography ; on
Page 71 and 72:
- 6 3 - plains, glacio-fluvial plai
Page 73 and 74:
- 6 5 - Profile R 166 Cryic Orthic
Page 75 and 76:
cm 100r Vegetation : Lichen -Voccin
Page 77 and 78:
- 69- Alpine Eutric Brunisol These
Page 79 and 80:
Vegetation Ericaceous - Lichen - Mo
Page 81 and 82:
- 7 3 - expressed (Ae) eluvial hori
Page 83 and 84:
- 75 - Profile ZT16 Cryic Orthic Dy
Page 85 and 86:
Vegetation Lichen - Voccinium - Car
Page 87 and 88:
_ 79 _ Plate 9 A . Cryoturbed Cryic
Page 89 and 90:
Topography : Brunisols developed on
Page 91 and 92:
- 83 - C . rangiferina), feather mo
Page 93 and 94:
- 85- air voids due to frost action
Page 95 and 96:
. -87- Profile B70B Lithic Orthic R
Page 97 and 98:
- 89- Rego Gleysol These soils have
Page 99 and 100:
_ 91 _ 8 .2 .2 . Ice Content of Min
Page 101 and 102:
- 9 3 - Another site was sampled on
Page 103 and 104:
-95- The chemical composition of th
Page 105 and 106:
- 9 7 - physical and chemical chara
Page 107 and 108:
- 9 9 - 10 . IMPLICATIONS AND RECOM
Page 109 and 110:
c . Very little information is avai
Page 111 and 112:
- 103 - 11 . REFERENCES 1 . Atkinso
Page 113 and 114:
- 105 - 24 . Pounder, E .R . 1965 .
Page 115 and 116:
Appendix I : Table 1 . Analysis of
Page 117 and 118:
Appendix I " Table 3 . Analysis of
Page 119 and 120:
I r N Appendix I : Table 5 . Analys
Page 121 and 122:
Appendix I " Table 7 . Analysis of
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Appendix I : Table It . Analysis of
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Appendix I : Table 21, Analysis of
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Appendix II . Analysis of Water Sam
Page 143:
- 136 - Appendix III . (con't .) Si
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