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Table 4 . Distribution of Soils in the Upper Mackenzie River Area according to the Geological Survey of Canada map units . Map Name Parent Material Topography Drainage Soils++ Dominant Vegetation Symbol+ Dominant Soil Zone deciles 6S 6N 5 4 31 - 2 f0 Organic ( Dominantly moderately de- Flat to very gently Poor to very Typic Mesisol 10 10 10 10 101 - Sedge-Bi or Sedge-BS- (fen) composed fen peat derived sloping, some with poor tL in all Zones . from sedge, tamarack and reticulate network mosses (greater than of low ( > 10 10 (bog) decomposed fbrest and/ sloping areas Imperfect and 6:I ; bS-lichenor undecomposed sphagnum with occasional Er in Zones 4 and 5 ; Cryic Fibrisol peat, derived from black mounds (average Lichen-bS-Er in spruce, cladonia, relief lm rarely tunes 2 and 3 . feathermosses, Ericaceous to 6m) ; numerous Poor Typic Fibrisol Sphagnum or Sphagnumand/or Sphagnum vege- steep-sided de- 5 3 3 3 ~ - - bS in Zones 4, 5, tation (greater than 4 pressions and Typic Mesisol 6S and 6N . feet thick) . trenches . (g, a, si) Alluvial Calcareous gravel and/ Floodplain and Well Cumulic Regosol 4 - 4 4 - - wS-wB, bPo-wS- AP flood- or sand and silt ; tex- low bordering - Imperfect Gleyed Cumulic Regosol 3 3 3~ - - Equisetum, wS-bPo in plain tures vary with the terraces ; flood- Zones 4, 5 and 6S . dominant material plains within Rego Gleysol - - - - - Wi, Wi-Al, bPo-A1 in indicated first . mountains commonly Poor 3 Zones 4, 5 and 6S . scarred by braided Cryic Rego Gleysol - 3 3 - - channels ; floodplains within plains region commonly with meander scars . (g, SO Alluvial Calcareous gravel and/or Terraces with Degraded Eutric Brunisol ~, - wS-wB, wS-bPo, to-wB, 6 6 At terrace sand and silt ; textures relief intermed- bPo, to in Zones 4, Well Orthic Eutric Brunisol vary with the dominant iate between 5, 6N and 6S ; material indicated first . terraces assoc- Cryic Orthic Eutric Brunisol - - - - - 6 wS-wB, bS-bPo, to-bS iated with Ap in Zone 2 . and Gp ; level to Gleyed Eutric Brunisol 1 1 1 I - - bPo-w5, wS-bPo-Wi, slightly sloping Imperfect 4 Brunisol - - - - l t .1-wn in Zones , 5, surfaces, some Cryic Gleyed Eutric interrupted with fia- ;~d ' 65 s-bPo in shallow channels Zone 2 . and low terraces . Rego Gleysol - - - - bS-Fm, bS-rm-Er, bS- Poor 3 . 3 3 I 7 Sphagnum in Zones 4, 5 Cryic Rero Gleysol 3 - 3 6`1 and 65 ; bs-Lichen-Er in Zone 2 gAf Alluvial Mostly calcareous gravel Gently to moder- Well Cumulic Regosol - - 6 6 Mainly wB, tA, Wi - and Al in Zones 2, fan and some sand . ately (1 ° -8 ° ) Imperfect Gleyed Cumulic Regosol - - 2 2 sloping fans and ~4, 5, 6 . and 6S . 3, coalescent fans . Poor Rego Gleysol - - 2 2 - 2 Cryic Rego Gleysol Cx I Colluvial Colluvium derived from Gently to steeply Lithic Orthic Regosol tA, ws, w11 at low 5lelevations Cx 2 Complex entire range of our- slô in, irregular Well - - 5 - 5 and stunted Lithic Alpine Brunisol* Alpine fir or wS, Er, facial deposits, surfaces ; lichen at high ele- Cx and bedrock . Cx < 5° Gleyed Lithic Orthic Regosol - - 2 - 2 2 vations in Zone 5 . Imperfect Cx 2 >5 ° < 15° Gleyed Alpine Brunisol* IbS, wB at low elevations and Er, Cx > 15° ,Lichen at high elevations ; cryoturbed surfaces are un .- vegetated in Zones 2 and 3 . Poor Rego Gleysol Cryic Rego Gleysol I 3 3I 3 Sphagnum, b S ; Sphagnum-Er in Zones 2, 3 and 5 .
1 Table 4 (cont'd) Map Symbol+ Name Parent Material Topography Drainage Soils++ ominant Vegetation Dominant Soil Zone (deciles) 6S 617 5 4 3 2 si, eLp Glacio- Calcatenus silt and fine Flat to gently Hrunisolic Gray Luvisol lacustrine sand ; if gravel 3 - 3 and/or Well - - - wS, wS-tA in Zones si, sLpv sloping . Plain sand and/or clay is Orthic Gray Luvisol 2 5 and 6S ; - - - - present map symbol wS-nd, bS-wB-tA In prefixed by g, Zone c ; 6N . dominant material Gleyed Gray Luvisol 2 - 2 - - - bS-wB-tA, Imperfect bS-Wi-Al indicated first . Cryic Gleyed Gray Luvisol - 2 - - _ _ 6` . Zones 5, 6S and Poor Rego Gleysol 5 - - - - - bS-Fm-Er, bS-tL-wB Cryic Rego Gleysol 6 5 - - - in Zones 5, 6S and 6S . si, sLpk Glacio- Mainly silt and fine Flat to gently Cryic Eutric Brunisol lacustrine sand ; discontinuous sloping w5-wH, bS-Fm-Er in ; numerous Well - 3 - - 3 - thermo- organic cover . shallow thermo- _ Cryic Eutric Brunisol* Zones 3 and 6N . karat karat lakes and Cryic Gleyed Eutric Brunisol plain bS-wB-Er Imperfect in Zones ponds . Cryic Gleyed Eutric Brunisol* 2 2 3 and 611 . Poor Cryic Rego Gleysol* - 5 - - 5 - bS-Fm-Er in Zone 6N ; bS-Lichen-Er in Zone 3 . gLpbx Glacio- Mainly sand and/or gravel ; gLpbx and gLpbv, Degraded Eutric Brunisol lacustrine P, P-wB-tA gLpbxv if silt is present map parallel to sub- Well 5 beaches symbol prefixed by si ; parallel beach Orthic Eutric Bruniadl gLpbv dominant material ridges arranged in Imperfect Gleyed Eutric Brunisol 2 - - - - - P-wB-Wi, indicated first . bs-wB-W1, belts ; up to 6 ° tA-bS-Wi slopes ; gLpbv, beach Poor Rego Gleysol 3 - - - - - bS-Fm-Er material without distinct ridges forming belts up to 4t miles wide . sEr Aeolian Fine to medium sand . sEr, dune ridges, Well Degraded Eutric Brunisol 15I - L5 I P, to- .B in Zones SÉh deposits usually parallel I 5 and to aubparallel 6S . ; sEh, irregularily Imperfect Gleyed Degraded Eutric Bruniso'©e 2 - - - to-bS-W1 in Zones shaped dunes, no 5 and 6S . apparent pattern . Rego Gleysol Pour 3 - 3 - - - bS- Fm, bS- Sphagnum- Cryic Rego Gleysol Cr in Zones 5 and 65 . (g .s .ei)CP Glacio- Gravel and/or sand, sand Flat to gently Degraded Eutric Brunisol P-wB-tA, P in Zones (g,s,si)Gpv fluvial and silt ; textures vary sloping Well plain with the dominant Orthic Eutric Brunisol 5 5 6S and 6N . (g,s,si)Gt Glaciomaterial indicated first . Imperfect Gleyed Eutric Brunisol 2 2 - - 1-1 _ bS-wB-Wi, P-wB-Wi, fluvial to-bS-Wi in Zones terrace 6S and 6N . Poor Rego Gleysol 3 - - - - - bS-Fm-Er in Zones Cryic Rego Gleysol - 3 - - - - 6S and 6N . gGh gGr Hummocky glaclofluvial deposits Ridged glaciofluvial deposits ; includes eskers b esker complexes Mainly gravel and/or sand . Hummocks and ridges to 10m . Degraded Eutric Brunisol Well - tA-bS-wB _ _ 5 _ - Orthlc Eutric Brunisol wS-tA-wB . 1 11 Imperfect Gleyed Eutric Brunisol - - - 2 - - bS-tA-wB Poor Cryic Rego Gleysol - - - 3 - I IbS-Fm-Er bS-Lichen-Er
Page 2 and 3: SOILS OF THE MACKENZIE RIVER AREA b
Page 4 and 5: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 . SUMMARY . . .
Page 6 and 7: TABLES Table 1 Page Mean monthly te
Page 8 and 9: Page Plate 6 A . Non-sorted stripes
Page 10 and 11: 1 . SUMMARY Soils were examined in
Page 12 and 13: soils . Soils were classified accor
Page 14 and 15: 4 . STUDY AREA 4 .1 . Location The
Page 16 and 17: Be aufort 70 135- Sea 65 - 135- -ST
Page 18 and 19: - 10 - (Brown, 1965) having an insi
Page 20: 6 . CLIMATICALLY SIGNIFICANT ECOLOG
Page 23 and 24: Except under shallow lakes and pond
Page 25 and 26: soils are found on all poorly drain
Page 27 and 28: Table 3 Summary of Description of Z
Page 29: 7 . DISTRIBUTION OF SOILS The distr
Page 33 and 34: I Table 4 (cont'd) Map Name Parent
Page 35 and 36: - 27 - 8 . DESCRIPTION OF SOILS 8 .
Page 37 and 38: - 29 - C . Fen Peat This type of pe
Page 39 and 40: - 31 - Table 5 . Rate of Accumulati
Page 41 and 42: - 3 3 - tiers (see The System of So
Page 43 and 44: - 3 5 - Profile T5A Cryic Mesisol (
Page 45 and 46: - 37 - PATTERNED FEN Landform ô N
Page 47 and 48: _3g_ Plate 2 A . Peat polygons, sit
Page 49 and 50: A . Vegetation on a peat polygon, s
Page 51 and 52: - 4 3 - content, especially the Ca
Page 53 and 54: - 4 5 - Ice Content % On A Volume B
Page 55 and 56: - 4 7 - crystals and thin vein ice
Page 57 and 58: - 4 9 - Collapse Scar I Peat Platea
Page 59 and 60: Vegetation : Soil Landform= Black S
Page 61 and 62: -53- the other hand, the peat occur
Page 63 and 64: 40 A . Core sample of perennially f
Page 65 and 66: - 57- ice lenses and vein ice up to
Page 67 and 68: - 59- Bt- 10 to 23 cm, dark yellowi
Page 69 and 70: moderately sloping topography ; on
Page 71 and 72: - 6 3 - plains, glacio-fluvial plai
Page 73 and 74: - 6 5 - Profile R 166 Cryic Orthic
Page 75 and 76: cm 100r Vegetation : Lichen -Voccin
Page 77 and 78: - 69- Alpine Eutric Brunisol These
Page 79 and 80: Vegetation Ericaceous - Lichen - Mo
Page 81 and 82:
- 7 3 - expressed (Ae) eluvial hori
Page 83 and 84:
- 75 - Profile ZT16 Cryic Orthic Dy
Page 85 and 86:
Vegetation Lichen - Voccinium - Car
Page 87 and 88:
_ 79 _ Plate 9 A . Cryoturbed Cryic
Page 89 and 90:
Topography : Brunisols developed on
Page 91 and 92:
- 83 - C . rangiferina), feather mo
Page 93 and 94:
- 85- air voids due to frost action
Page 95 and 96:
. -87- Profile B70B Lithic Orthic R
Page 97 and 98:
- 89- Rego Gleysol These soils have
Page 99 and 100:
_ 91 _ 8 .2 .2 . Ice Content of Min
Page 101 and 102:
- 9 3 - Another site was sampled on
Page 103 and 104:
-95- The chemical composition of th
Page 105 and 106:
- 9 7 - physical and chemical chara
Page 107 and 108:
- 9 9 - 10 . IMPLICATIONS AND RECOM
Page 109 and 110:
c . Very little information is avai
Page 111 and 112:
- 103 - 11 . REFERENCES 1 . Atkinso
Page 113 and 114:
- 105 - 24 . Pounder, E .R . 1965 .
Page 115 and 116:
Appendix I : Table 1 . Analysis of
Page 117 and 118:
Appendix I " Table 3 . Analysis of
Page 119 and 120:
I r N Appendix I : Table 5 . Analys
Page 121 and 122:
Appendix I " Table 7 . Analysis of
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Appendix I : Table It . Analysis of
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Appendix I : Table 21, Analysis of
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Appendix II . Analysis of Water Sam
Page 143:
- 136 - Appendix III . (con't .) Si
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